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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
351

B. F. Skinner e as explicações mentalistas para o comportamento: uma análise histórico-conceitual (1931-1959) / B. F. Skinner and mentalistic explanations for behavior: a conceptual historical analysis (1931-1959)

Carvalho Neto, Marcus Bentes de 29 August 2001 (has links)
Uma das principais características do Behaviorismo Radical de B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) é sua crítica sistemática às explicações mentalistas para o comportamento. Contudo, o próprio conceito de Mentalismo pode ter muitos sentidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever o que Skinner definia por Mentalismo e que críticas fazia a ele no período de 1931-1959. Após a análise de alguns trabalhos de Skinner nesse período, observou-se que o Mentalismo criticado entre os anos 30 e 40 foi principalmente o presente na Fisiologia Conceitual e nos Behaviorismos de Tolman, Hull, Boring e Stevens. Do final dos anos 40 até 1959, a crítica era dirigida especialmente à Psicanálise de Freud e à Psicologia da Consciência. Em relação aos tipos de críticas feitas por Skinner, não foram observadas mudanças significativas na argumentação de Skinner. As objeções foram apoiadas principalmente na natureza não científica de tais explicações, em sua circularidade, no seu reducionismo, no seu efeito negativo de afastar o estudo do comportamento em si mesmo, impedindo dessa forma a identificação das causas reais da ação, atrasando assim a criação de uma tecnologia do comportamento capaz de ajudar na solução de problemas humanos. Discute-se também como o Antimentalismo seria a principal razão de existir do Behaviorismo Radical, que teria a responsabilidade de abrir espaço para uma Ciência do Comportamento que viesse a substituir a própria Psicologia. As possibilidades dessa missão ser bem sucedida também são avaliadas. / One of the main characteristics of B. F. Skinner's Radical Behaviorism (1904-1990) is his constant criticism against mentalistic explanations for behavior. However, the concept of Mentalism itself may have several different meanings. The purpose of this work is to describe what Skinner meant by Mentalism and what criticism he made against it between 1931 and 1959. After analyzing some of Skinners' works at that period, it was noticed that the Mentalism criticized between the 30's and 40's was the one that was found at Conceptual Physiology and at Tolman, Hull, Boring and Stevens' Behaviorism. From the late 40's to 1959, criticism was directed specially towards Freud's Psychoanalysis and to the Psychology of Consciousness. In relation to the type of criticism made by Skinner, no meaningful change in his argumentation was found. The objections were mainly supported by the non-scientific nature of such explanations, their circularity and reductionism, their negative effect of avoiding the study of behavior in itself, in this way, preventing the identification of the real causes of action, then delaying the creation of a behavioral technology capable of helping to find the solution to human problems. It was also discussed how Antimentalism would be the main reason for the existence of Radical Behaviorism which would be responsible for leading the way to a Science of Behavior that would replace Psychology itself. The possibilities of success of such endeavor will also be evaluated.
352

B. F. Skinner e as explicações mentalistas para o comportamento: uma análise histórico-conceitual (1931-1959) / B. F. Skinner and mentalistic explanations for behavior: a conceptual historical analysis (1931-1959)

Marcus Bentes de Carvalho Neto 29 August 2001 (has links)
Uma das principais características do Behaviorismo Radical de B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) é sua crítica sistemática às explicações mentalistas para o comportamento. Contudo, o próprio conceito de Mentalismo pode ter muitos sentidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever o que Skinner definia por Mentalismo e que críticas fazia a ele no período de 1931-1959. Após a análise de alguns trabalhos de Skinner nesse período, observou-se que o Mentalismo criticado entre os anos 30 e 40 foi principalmente o presente na Fisiologia Conceitual e nos Behaviorismos de Tolman, Hull, Boring e Stevens. Do final dos anos 40 até 1959, a crítica era dirigida especialmente à Psicanálise de Freud e à Psicologia da Consciência. Em relação aos tipos de críticas feitas por Skinner, não foram observadas mudanças significativas na argumentação de Skinner. As objeções foram apoiadas principalmente na natureza não científica de tais explicações, em sua circularidade, no seu reducionismo, no seu efeito negativo de afastar o estudo do comportamento em si mesmo, impedindo dessa forma a identificação das causas reais da ação, atrasando assim a criação de uma tecnologia do comportamento capaz de ajudar na solução de problemas humanos. Discute-se também como o Antimentalismo seria a principal razão de existir do Behaviorismo Radical, que teria a responsabilidade de abrir espaço para uma Ciência do Comportamento que viesse a substituir a própria Psicologia. As possibilidades dessa missão ser bem sucedida também são avaliadas. / One of the main characteristics of B. F. Skinner's Radical Behaviorism (1904-1990) is his constant criticism against mentalistic explanations for behavior. However, the concept of Mentalism itself may have several different meanings. The purpose of this work is to describe what Skinner meant by Mentalism and what criticism he made against it between 1931 and 1959. After analyzing some of Skinners' works at that period, it was noticed that the Mentalism criticized between the 30's and 40's was the one that was found at Conceptual Physiology and at Tolman, Hull, Boring and Stevens' Behaviorism. From the late 40's to 1959, criticism was directed specially towards Freud's Psychoanalysis and to the Psychology of Consciousness. In relation to the type of criticism made by Skinner, no meaningful change in his argumentation was found. The objections were mainly supported by the non-scientific nature of such explanations, their circularity and reductionism, their negative effect of avoiding the study of behavior in itself, in this way, preventing the identification of the real causes of action, then delaying the creation of a behavioral technology capable of helping to find the solution to human problems. It was also discussed how Antimentalism would be the main reason for the existence of Radical Behaviorism which would be responsible for leading the way to a Science of Behavior that would replace Psychology itself. The possibilities of success of such endeavor will also be evaluated.
353

Imágenes literarias de la dictadura

Herrera Riquelme, Carola de las Mercedes, Wenzel Meneses, Christian Ernesto, Villablanca Madrid, Luis Patricio January 1999 (has links)
Tesis para optar al grado académico de Licenciado en Comunicación Social / ¿A qué nos referimos cuando hablamos de torturados, exiliados, abuso, torturadores, dictador y soplones? ¿Desde dónde construimos dichas imágenes? La detención de Pinochet en Londres en 1998 hizo reaparecer en la pauta periodística y en la vida política nacional, éstos y otros temas que, hasta ese momento, parecían sólo cosa del pasado o de alguna mala historia. Pero no es así. Dichas imágenes se construyen socialmente, desde la realidad y a partir del aporte de los medios de comunicación y las manifestaciones culturales de la sociedad. Queremos indagar en dichos temas, específicamente en la narrativa chilena, motivados por la necesidad de reconstruir la memoria. Es una necesidad que tenemos como jóvenes de descubrir y redescubrir el pasado reciente. A partir de la premisa de que la literatura responde a una realidad histórica socio-política y da cuenta de ella, revisamos los tipos de imágenes que se generaron luego de la dictadura. Nuestro objetivo es descubrir el aporte de la literatura a las imágenes que existen respecto de la dictadura (gobierno militar, según algunos) que vivió Chile durante 17 años. El desarrollo del texto que presentamos se sostiene sobre un marco teórico a partir de los postulados de Bernardo Subercaseaux, Grínor Rojo y Manuel Alcides Jofré. Ellos nos dieron las bases teóricas para trabajar. Construimos, con sus aportes teóricos, una propuesta de análisis respecto al aporte que ha significado y significa la narrativa chilena –desde los textos que estudiamos- para la creación de imágenes socio-literarias. Los temas que analizamos surgen de un contexto histórico que es necesario presentar. Si bien el gobierno militar terminó, institucionalmente hablando, su influencia se deja percibir en la producción literaria. Y son las imágenes que surgen de dicho contexto histórico las que nos interesa revisar y su permanencia como elemento de producción literaria con el paso de los años.
354

(Re)construire dans la division. Aspects de la vie juive à Berlin entre Est et Ouest (1945-1990) / (Re)construction in Division – The Jews in Berlin between East and West (1945-1990)

Duchaine-Guillon, Laurence 30 November 2009 (has links)
Pour les Juifs rescapés de la Shoah, établir une vie nouvelle sur le territoire allemand après 1945 était quasiment impensable. En particulier à Berlin, l’ancienne capitale du IIIe Reich, devenue le point de cristallisation des relations Est-Ouest, l’entreprise paraissait improbable, à tel point que la conception de la communauté de « liquidation » a dominé jusque dans les années 1950. Et pourtant, la [re]construction s’est opérée malgré tout, sous les auspices de la division allemande, qui n’a pas épargné la Communauté Juive de Berlin. L’analyse comparative des Juifs à Berlin-Est et à Berlin-Ouest, sur les plans démographique, religieux, politique et culturel, révèle certes de fortes disparités, liées plus ou moins directement aux caractéristiques des régimes de la RFA et de la RDA ; mais au-delà de ces clivages indéniables, il est possible de mettre en lumière un certain nombre de valeurs et de préoccupations communes aux Juifs dans les deux Berlin, ainsi que des phénomènes de passage jusqu’alors peu étudiés. / For the Jews who had survived the Shoah, to establish of a new life on the German territory after 1945 was almost unthinkable. Particularly in Berlin, the former capital of the third Reich, which became the nodal point of the East-West relations, the attempt seemed most unlikely. As a result, the conception of a community of “liquidation” dominated until the 1950’s. Yet, [re]construction took place, in spite of everything, in the context of the partition of Germany, which didn’t spare the Jewish Community of Berlin. The comparative analysis of the Jews in East- and West-Berlin at the demographic, religious, political and cultural levels does reveal strong disparities, which are more or less linked with the features of the East-German and West-German systems; but beyond these undeniable divides, it is possible to bring to light common values and concerns, as well as forms of crossing which have attracted little scholarly attention so far.
355

La construcción política de los mercados : variedades de neoliberalismo en el Chile post-dictadura (1990-2010) / La construction politique des marchés : variétés du néolibéralisme dans le Chili post-dictature (1990-2010) / The political construction of markets : varieties of neoliberalism in post-dictatorial Chile (1990-2010)

Maillet, Antoine 13 December 2013 (has links)
Les marchés fonctionnent-ils indépendamment du pouvoir politique ? Cette étude comparée des politiques publiques dans six marchés créés durant les années 1980 au Chili analyse le rôle fondamental qu’ont les politiques publiques dans la construction des marchés. Pour rendre compte de la diversité de ces opérations, j’élabore un cadre conceptuel original, en définissant quatre « variétés du néolibéralisme ». A partir d’une étude de l’histoire de ce concept et de ses usages contemporains, je distingue les néolibéralismes orthodoxes, régulés, émulateurs et mixtes. Chaque néolibéralisme correspond à des réponses différentes de l’Etat face aux défaillances du marché. Dans le néolibéralisme orthodoxe, les organismes publics restreignent leur intervention. Dans le néolibéralisme régulé, les organismes publics interviennent pour promouvoir la concurrence et établir des obligations quant au produit lui-même. Dans le néolibéralisme émulateur, un organisme public organise la concurrence non pas dans le marché, mais pour le marché. Enfin, dans le néolibéralisme mixte, une ou des entreprises publiques entrent en concurrence avec les acteurs privés. Chaque variété fait l’objet de politiques publiques spécifiques, en particulier en termes d’instruments mobilisés. J’applique ce cadre théorique des variétés du néolibéralisme pour classer et analyser six politiques sectorielles : l’assurance-maladie, les retraites, les universités, la production d’électricité, la téléphonie et les transports publics à Santiago. Les six trajectoires sectorielles établies mettent en évidence l’existence d’un sentier néolibéral chilien. / Do markets operate independently of political power? This comparative study of policies in six markets created during the 1980s in Chile analyzes the fundamental part that public policies play in the construction of markets. To account for the diversity of these operations, I develop an original conceptual framework, defining four "varieties of neoliberalism." Building on a study of the history of this concept and its contemporary use, I distinguish orthodox, regulated, emulator and mixed neoliberalisms. Each neoliberalism is based on a different form of State answer to address market failures. In orthodox neoliberalism, public agencies restrict their intervention. In regulated neoliberalism, public agencies get involved in promoting competition and establish requirements on the product itself. In emulating neoliberalism, public agencies organize competition not in the market, but for the market. Finally, in mixed neoliberalism, one or more public companies compete with private players. Each variety is characterized by specific public policies, especially in terms of instruments. I apply this theoretical framework of varieties of neoliberalism to classify and analyze six sectoral policies: health insurance, pensions, universities, electricity production, telephone industry and public transport in Santiago. The six sectoral trajectories established highlight the existence of a Chilean neoliberal path.
356

Memoria y monumento: el memorial en la recuperación de la historia de la represión 1973-1990 en Chile

Brodsky Zimmermann, Carla January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
357

Representaciones sociales sobre golpe militar y dictadura.

Naranjo Dawson, Valeska January 2006 (has links)
La hipótesis central de este trabajo es que existe una fragmentación de la memoria de los individuos. O bien, una memoria del olvido, que silencia la experiencia del Golpe Militar y la Dictadura, las violaciones a los derechos humanos y la represión como hito fundante de nuestra sociedad. Este silencio estaría relacionado o respondería a una matriz cultural nacional de orden/miedo, que se re-actualiza con el advenimiento del Golpe de Estado a la Unidad Popular.
358

Entereza, lucha y amor: la acción de la Agrupación de Madres Guacolda en el primer gobierno post dictadura en Chile (1990-1994)

Gaete Ossandón, Francia January 2017 (has links)
Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia Seminario de Grado: "Raza, clase y género en América Latina a partir de 1970"
359

La represión en Tocopilla durante los primeros años de dictadura

Carmona Arriaza, Andrea January 2018 (has links)
Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia / Seminario de grado: Entendiendo la sociedad latinoamericana a través de un análisis histórico cultural
360

Subjetividades rotas memoria y trauma: análisis de los testimonios del Archivo y Centro de Documentación FASIC

Acuña Flores, María Graciela January 2017 (has links)
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Historia / La siguiente investigación, pretende estudiar en qué medida podemos conocer las experiencias traumáticas, vividas por los sujetos en Dictadura, qué significó la alteración de sus vidas en el plano subjetivo, cotidiano y político, por medio de los testimonios del Archivo y Centro de Documentación de la Fundación de Ayuda Social de las Iglesias Cristianas. Incorporando un análisis psicosocial al estudio historiográfico, se pretende aportar con un nuevo enfoque, en la comprensión y problematización de la represión y el trauma durante la dictadura militar, temática del Chile reciente poco estudiado desde la historiografía.

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