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This thesis deals with the social status of women and their role during the late 19th century to the seventies of the 20th century. In the first part, there is sketched out the development of women's image inclusive the Women's Movement in historical and social context. This description is followed by an analysis of female characters and roles on the basis of selected prose works Effi Briest of Theodor Fontane, The Murder of Captain Hanik of Hermann Ungar and Group Portrait with Lady of Heinrich Böll. Keywords women, 19th century, 20th century, women's emancipation, Women's Movement, women's rights, social roles, social history, gender inequality

No description available.

No description available.

This study examines five counter-narratives written by British women between 1832 and 1885 who wrote in a non-conformist or negative manner about their travel experiences in foreign countries. In considering a small number of women travellers who took an alternative approach to narrating their experiences, a key objective of this study is to consider the reasons for the way in which the women writing counter-narratives positioned their writing. After considering how the quasi-scientific concept of domestic womanhood attempted to restrict Victorian women in general, and in particular influenced how women travellers were viewed, an exploration of counter-narratives questions whether the sustained interest in more positive travel accounts reflects a simplified contemporary, if not feminist, reading of Victorian women. An examination follows of the influence of discourse criticism, alternative interpretations of geographical space, and the presence of intertextuality in travel writing. The chapters are then arranged chronologically, with each counter-narrative being analysed as emanating from the range of discourses that were in conflict during the period. The writers form a varied group, travelling and living in five different countries, with a range of contradictory voices. Susannah Moodie and Emily Innes are outspoken in their criticism of British government policy for Canada and the Malay States respectively; Isabella Fane in India and Emmeline Lott in Egypt are disdainful of foreign practices which were otherwise considered fascinating on account of their exoticism; Frances Elliot differentiates her writing by opposing the ubiquitous influence of guidebooks for European travel. Thus each account records an aspect of political or cultural opposition to established discourses circulating at the time, as the women challenge the 'grand narratives' of foreign travel in different ways. Because such accounts may be challenged by literature of the period, the study positions the women in the context of their contemporaries, and thus each chapter examines the counter-narrative alongside another account by a female writer who travelled or lived in a similar area during the same era. Moreover, before examining the range of discursive complexities and tensions that emerge in each case study, the writers are positioned in their geographical locations and historical moments so that the texts are read against the cultural background to which the women were originally responding. The marginalisation of such counter-narratives has led to gaps in our understanding of travel writing from the period: where accounts once coexisted they are separated, and positive accounts are privileged over negative ones. It is this discontinuity of knowledge that the study will address in order to create a truer picture of the diversity of travel writing at the time.

The thesis is entitled "The Image of the Burgher from Prague Johanna Barbora Englová, Born Zimmerová through the Family correspondence in the 19 th century" and it presents J. B. Englova´s destiny (18101874) on the basis of both correspondence and some ego-documents analysis. She was Emanuel Engl´s mother (18441907) who was an early Czech politician. Thanks to her, even the Prague civic society can be observed. The thesis is divided into five main chapters. At first, the life within the House of Habsburg monarchy in the 19 th century is described. Afterwards, the thesis is being focused on the situation in Prague, the civic society and its possibilities as for the social life. The second chapter pursues Johanna Englova´s family life. The third chapter is the crucial one it presents social connections which Johanna Barbora Englová made throughout her life and which can be observed within the well-preserved correspondence. The last chapter presents the salon, balls and the society as a part of Johanna Englova´s life. The thesis is trying to present contacts, relationships and social situation on the given example of both former and new family of Johanna Barbora Englová. The part of the thesis consists of an all round analysis of chosen sources. Moreover, the thesis reflects a social upswing of Johanna Barbora Englová and the process of becoming a part of the civic smart set in Prague. The thesis is followed by the list of sources, bibliography and online sources. The diagram, table, genealogy and the part with visual materials are listed in the annexe.

On account of their supposed link to nature, women in post-revolutionary France were pigeonholed into a very restrictive sphere that centred around domesticity and submission to their male counterparts. Yet this thesis shows how a number of women writers – Cottin, Genlis, Krüdener, Souza and Staël – re-appropriate nature in order to reclaim the voice denied to them and to their sex by the society in which they lived. The five chapters of this thesis are structured to follow a number of critical junctures in the life of an adult woman: marriage, authorship, motherhood, madness and mortality. The opening sections to each chapter show why these areas of life generated particular problems for women at this time. Then, through in-depth analysis of primary texts, the chapters function in two ways. They examine how female novelists craft natural landscapes to expose and comment on the problems male-dominant society causes women to experience in France at this time. In addition, they show how female novelists employ descriptions of nature to highlight women's responses to the pain and frustration that social issues provoke for them. Scholars have thus far overlooked the natural settings within the works of female novelists of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Yet, a re-evaluation of these natural settings, as suggested by this thesis, brings a new dimension to our appreciation of the works of these women writers and of their position as critics of contemporary society. Ultimately, an escape into nature on the part of female protagonists in these novels becomes the means by which their creators confront the everyday reality faced by women in the turbulent socio-historical era which followed the Revolution.

The women of the bohemian politicians in the 19th century Annotation I have chosen ten women of the bohemian politics living in the 19th century. The first chapter has been about the reasons for choice of the life female partner. I have described the social, lingual and religious background of these women. I have tried to analyse their antenuptial correspondence. The second part of my work has attended to the use of women in the social life and it has focused on their involvement into the {\clqq}morning-room`` life. I have outlined the women incidence in the public asociation in the third chapter.I have been interested in any women activites mainly the philanthrophy. I have tried to find out if the husbands had encouraged thein wives in these acitivities. I have focused on the role of women in the family. I have observed how the husbands had been participated in the running the household and education of their children. I have studied the family correspondence. I have focused on the political aspect of the letters. I have tried to catch how much the women had been interested in the policy.