This project is a case study of the hairdressing industry in British Columbia in the 1920s. It argues that gender divisions persisted as consumerism became increasingly important to British Columbians, and that despite British Columbia's sometimes challenging engagement with international consumerism, the province's economy remained remarkably synchronized with international trends. It tells the story of the rapid expansion and feminization of hair services markets and businesses; examines the public and legislative debates about the importance of consumer services such as hairdressing and its customers; and reveals the persistence of gendered divisions in the early transition to a consumer services society. Using British Columbian newspaper reports, American and Canadian women's and union periodicals, city directories, national censuses, and government reports, the project looks first at the increasing pressures in the 1920s from business owners, advertisers, and magazine editors to adopt new, fashionable hairstyles and the sources of ambivalence among women about the new styles. It then turns to hairdressing as a business and source of employment, and after briefly reviewing the history of hairdressing in North America looks at the rapid expansion of hairdressing businesses in British Columbia during the 1920s; the demographic characteristics of hairdressing workers and entrepreneurs; and the feminization of the hair services industry. It also explores the connection between feminist ideals and women's entrepreneurship in the hair services field. Finally, the hairdressers' attempt to gain regulation from the provincial government is examined at the end of the decade, with a particular focus on how consumerism and hairdressing, its workers and customers, are characterized. The legislative and public debates about hairdressing regulation reveal anxiety about consumerism and persistent gender divisions as British Columbia began to shift toward a consumer-oriented society. It concludes that British Columbia, despite its primary resource economic base, remained remarkably in step with international trends, from feminization of services to regulation of those services, of which hairdressing was just a beginning. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

Quiet Little Animals is a novel set in early-1940s Spain. The story begins with a young couple, Carmen and Ernesto, who are expecting their first child. Carmen gives birth to their daughter Isadora in a Catholic hospital, but when she wakes up after the birth, she's told that the baby has died. However, the truth is that the baby was kidnapped by the nun Sor Eugenia, who decided that she would provide the baby with a better life by sending her away to be adopted by a more "proper" family - and a young religious woman named Ava finally gets the baby she's been trying for years to have, her little Maria. The story follows the four main point-of-view characters - Carmen, Ernesto, Sor Eugenia and Ava - as their lives move past that moment when Isadora/Maria was taken from one family and given to another. In addition to the four main points of view, there are also a number of chapters that are told in the form of fairy tales. The use of multiple points of view to tell one story allows each of the characters to have a known stake in the outcome of the narrative, and is a major stylistic interest of the piece. The central themes of the book are motherhood, grief, birth and death. It also asks questions about the creation of family, fate, and the aftermath of civil war.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This study was made in conjunction with a recital of contemporary American song literature. It it designed to show how the modern composer has taken the tools of words and music and utilized them in creating a valid art-form. I believe it is the first study of its kind that has been made. The song literature which formed the basis of the study has been attested to as valid data by Otto Luening, prominent modern composer and pedagogue and twice winner of the Guggenheim Fellowship in composition, and John Kirk, distinguished pianist and lecturer on modern music.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1949 I7 / Master of Science

Text in Afrikaans / Die Afrikaanse poesie van die tagtigerjare toon 'n ryke verskeidenheid deurdat ouer digters soos Eybers, Breytenbach, Cussons, Stockenstrom en Ernst van Heerden voortdig en 'n groot aantal nuwelinge na vore tree. Hoewel die groep digters die grense van "generasie" ver oorskry, blyk dit dat hulle 'n baie li tererbewuste groep kunstenaars is wie se poesie verskeie gemeenskaplike trekke openbaar. Uit die groot verskeidenheid blyk dat sekere temas, soos pyn, aftakeling, dood, liefde, godsdiens asook sosio-kulturele en politieke aktualiteite steeds as die gewildste onderwerpe figureer. 'n Deel van die studie word daaraan gewy om aan te toon hoe hierdie temas in die jonger Afrikaanse poesie vergestalting vind. 'n Terna wat 'n besliste vernuwende aspek in die Afrikaanse poesie bring, is die homoerotiek. Die groter openheid oor homoseksualiteit gee aanleiding tot eksplisiete homoerotiese verse, veral by Joan Hambidge en Johann de Lange. As gevolg van die terroristiese bedrywighede en militere optrede aan die landsgrense gedurende die sewentiger- en tagtigerjare beleef die Afrikaanse literatuur die opkoms van die sogenaamde grensliteratuur as 'n vernuwende aspek van die tema van oorlog en geweld wat van die vorige dekade af oorspoel. Verder word aandag gegee aan die verskynsel van inter(-)tekstualiteit, wat weens die omvang daarvan in die kreatiewe en beskouende literatuur, perspektiefverandering in die Afrikaanse poesie teweegbring. 'n Verdere vernuwende aspek wat aangetoon word, is die wegbeweeg van die beoef ening van die loss er, vryer versvorm van die sestiger- en vroee sewentigerjare na 'n strenger vormbeheer en - dissipline. Die skryf van 'n meer tradisionele tipe poesie word by verskeie digters aangetoon. Die bydrae van tydskrifte en tydskrifverse tot die Afrikaanse poesie word ondersoek. Saam met die verskyning van talle bundels populere poesie, waar die klem veral op die volkskwatryn, sonnet en limerick val, speel die tydskrifte 'n besondere rol om Afrikaanse poesie vir 'n breer leserspubliek toeganklik te maak. Daar word tot die gevolgt~ekking gekom dat die digters van die tagtigerjare die "demokratisering" van die Afrikaanse letterkunde veel verder gevoer het en dat die reikwydte van Afrikaans daardeur uitgebrei is / The rich diversity of Afrikaans poetry of the eighties is displayed by the fact that many of the older poets, such as Eybers, Breytenbach, Cussons, Stockenstrom and Ernst van Heerden, have continued writing poetry, while a large number of newcomers have appeared on the scene. Although these poets far exceed the "generation" boundaries, they are evidently a very literary-aware group of artists, whose work has a number of traits in common. Certain themes, such as pain, decadence, death, love and religion, as well as socio-cultural and political realities, remain popular topics. Part of this study is to show how these themes are expressed in contemporary Afrikaans poetry. A decidedly new aspect of Afrikaans poetry is homo-eroticism. The more open approach to homosexuality gives rise to explicit homo-erotic poems, especially those of Joan Hambidge and Johann de Lange. As a result of terrorist activities and military action on our borders during the seventies and eighties, Afrikaans literature saw the beginning of the so-called border literature as a renewal of the war and violence theme, a relic from the previous decade. Inter(-)textuality is explored, which, due to its influence on creative and reviewing literature, has brought about a change in the perspective of Afrikaans poetry. A further renewal highlighted, is the moving away from the unstructured and freer verse form of the sixties and early 4 seventies to a stricter, controlled and disciplined form. The more traditional type of poetry written by various poets is discussed. The contribution by periodicals and poems in periodicals to Afrikaans poetry is explored. Together with the numerous volumes of popular poetry published, emphasizing the national quatrain, sonnets and limericks, periodicals play an important role in making Afrikaans poetry more accessible to a broader reading public. The conclusion is reached that the poets of the eighties promoted the "democratization" of Afrikaans literature, thereby extending its influence / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / D. Litt. et Phil. (Afrikaans)

No description available.

No description available.