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Isaac Williams was one of the leading members of the Oxford Movement during the 1830-60s and made a valuable contribution to the movement through his published poetry, tracts, sermons and biblical commentaries which were written to help propagate Tractarian principles. Although he was active in Oxford as a tutor of Trinity College during the 1830s, Williams left Oxford in 1842 after failing to be elected to the university's chair of poetry. He served successively as perpetual curate of the Gloucestershire parishes of Bisley and Stinchcombe, where he died in 1865. It is perhaps because Williams withdrew from Oxford in 1842 and also because his contribution to the Oxford Movement centred on his literary works rather than on being directly involved in its more practical aspect, that he has tended to be overlooked by historians. This thesis will consider the significance of Isaac Williams' contribution to the Oxford Movement on the basis of his published works. Whereas previous works on Isaac Williams have examined his significance as a historical figure, this study will focus on his approach to the theological issues with which the Oxford Movement was concerned, specifically, the interpretation of scripture, the sacraments, aspects of High Church/Tractarian piety, the relationship between church and state, the authority of tradition and the apostolic succession. While considering Williams' approach to these issues, this thesis will also examine whether his theological thinking was at one with that of the Tractarians generally or whether it was more typical of that of the High Church tradition which preceded the Oxford Movement and continued to exist alongside it.

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Francisco de Enzinas (c. 1520-1552), a translator of biblical and classical texts into Spanish, is one of the lesser-known of that group of sixteenth-century heterodox Spaniards whom scholars such as Eduard Boehmer and A. G. Kinder have classified as Protestants or Reformers This categorization is largely based upon Enzinas's connection with major German and English Reformers which began, with one exception, in or after 1546.T he present thesis investigates the earlier period of Enzinas's career, before the Council of Trent in 1546 constituted the Vulgate the authentic canon for the faithful, signalling ecclesiastical retreat from humanist biblical principles. The author argues that Enzinas can best be understood not as an adherent of any Protestant confession but as an evangelical humanist who sought the essence of Christianity in the biblical evangel and who shrank from scholastic argumentation in its Protestant as well as Roman Catholic guises. Enzinas showed evidence throughout his life of this stance developed during the period studied by this thesis. The author further argues that Enzinas should be seen primarily as a Spanish publisher of texts rather than as a Reformer, and that his vocatio to this humanist task provides the best explanation of his life's choices. The present thesi sexplores the historical and religious contexts, printing history, language, and ideas of Enzinas's three major publications of this period: Breve y compendiosa institugion de la religion Christiana (1541), the Nuevo testamento( 1543), and De statu BeIgico et refigione Hispanica (written in 1545). The study of the Instilugion sheds light on Enzinas's humanistic approach to theology, and uses unpublished documentation to show how an attempt to disseminate this work in Spain prejudiced all of Enzinas's later literary efforts. The study of Enzinas's Nuevot estamento explores the means which the translator used to try to win authorization for this Spanish Scripture, and this thesis argues that he proceeded with full consciousness of the imperial laws controlling printing. De statu BeIgico, Enzinas's only wholly original work, is used here in part as a sourcef or understanding what Enzinas believed to be the essence of evangelical religion. The thesis includes a two-part biography of Enzinas which incorporates previously unstudied material such as the evidence for his connection with Oxford during his formative years. A descriptive bibliography of his works is appended.

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