This thesis seeks to find greater understanding in how to understand the concept of ‘effectiveness’ in a regime such as that to control biological weapons which has at its core an international treaty, the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention. Previous work in this field has been highly theoretical and this thesis identifies: limitations in existing theories as applied to this regime; gaps between theory and practice; and limits to common perceptions of issues within the regime. In order to create a new conceptualization of effectiveness, definitions for four dimensions — Threat Ambition, Coherence/Engagement, Availability/Opportunity, and Resilience — were developed to sit within a new framework of assessment for evaluating effectiveness within the regime to control biological weapons. Limitations were also identified in policy analysis techniques focused on influences towards particular outcomes as these bring with them a severe analytical limitation as correlation does not equate with causation. However, an analysis of hindrances/obstacles to particular outcomes brings with it a means of analysis that allows for a separation of influences and identification in which circumstances certain influences may have been critical to a particular outcome. This is the inspiration for a new analysis tool — a conjectured generic idealized policy decision — which is then tested for the first time. Triangulation between the two analytical techniques, the framework of analysis to understand effectiveness within the regime to control biological weapons [the top-down approach] and the conjectured generic idealized policy decision to see how the regime impacts upon national policy processes [the bottom-up approach], indicates both have potential for further potential as analytical tools.

The RAF has been undertaking Land Quality Assessments across the retained estate. As part of this study the author has been interested in the environmental hazard posed by disposal to land by burial and or burning of the Royal Air Force's WWII (World War 2) Chemical Weapons (CW) stockpile. The investigation describes a Hazard Rating strategy to address the potential contamination. The development of a novel method of screening sites using dogs is also described. The study charts the development of chemical weapons for use by the RAF and looked at the production and distribution of these weapons from factories to stations. Mustard gas was the major chemical weapon agent adopted by the United Kingdom government during this period. The 65 Ib Light Casing (LC) bomb was deemed to be one of the most potentially successful weapons in the CW arsenal. As of 1 April 1945 the total number of 65 Ib LC bombs manufactured for use in Northwest Europe was 389,937 of which 388,800 were available for use by the RAF and 1,137 were transferred to the USAAF. The study describes the problems of leakage especially with the Mk 1 variant and its associated Mk 1 wooden crate. It is highly likely that leaking weapons were buried on RAF sites and that by the end of the war a considerable quantity of mustard gas agent has potentially leaked into the ground. Mustard gas is likely to remain on stations. American weapons, distribution and potential storage sites have also been discussed.

Many British and American critics have argued that the wartime 'Special Relationship' ended after World War H. Britain, buffeted by postwar shocks such as the end of Lend-Lease and atomic sharing, and by the lack of U. S. support during the Suez Crisis, felt increasingly demoted from its status as a great power, which had formerly been consulted by U. S. leaders on all matters of international importance. Despite those early post-war political dismissals, the USAF and the RAF began a Cold War linkage, which grew into a fifty-year association that was closer than any comparable defence relationship between nations. This work explores that unique relationship and argues that it grew even stronger through decades of mid-level air diplomacy clearly visible in the agreements and arrangements for U. S. Air Power in the United Kingdom. Its conclusions shed new light on the Anglo-American relationship and demonstrate the importance of air power in the diplomatic history of the two nations. It adds substance to the thin body of knowledge of air diplomacy, through an analysis of events, policies, agreements, arrangements, disagreements, and issues, which led to an even stronger transatlantic defence relationship that continues to serve both nations' interests

Scientific narratives are pervasive in international policy, in part, due to the increasing degree to which technological considerations enter modern thinking. These narratives are particularly visible in the chemical weapon prevention regime, which must accommodate changes in science and technology to ensure that they do not result in the application of new utilities for toxic chemicals as weapons. The dissertation investigates the function of technical experts, and the perceptions of their role, in the procedures of the chemical weapon prevention regime that address technical change. It explores expert involvement in three elements of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC): its negotiation; the Scientific Advisory Board; and in national policy formulation. Ethnography – from an extended placement within the Convention's monitoring body, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) – as well as interviews and documentary sources provide the methodological basis for the research. The dissertation finds that science is often made political within the international policy setting, and shows how science is employed to support political aims whether it is in accelerating or slowing policy formulation, or in deflecting the policy agenda. It argues that whilst the role of experts and their capacity to influence policy vary with the forums in which they are placed, their effectiveness depends also upon other factors, including institutional support. The dissertation also holds that national approaches to expert advice are reflected in state relationships with experts advising at the international level. The research supports much of the Science and Technology Studies (STS) literature on experts in national settings and has substantial implications for a concept popular in International Relations (IR) literature, namely, ‘epistemic communities'. A case for reframing ‘epistemic communities' is developed which incorporates notions drawn from STS, such as the important role of ‘boundary organisations'. These are applied to the CWC, and policy recommendations for the OPCW and its member states are presented.

Alfred Zacharias, Louis D. Smullin. / Based on a thesis, M.I.T. Dept. of Electrical Engineering, May 25, 1959. / Bibliography: p. 23. / Army Signal Corps Contract DA36-039-sc-78108. Dept. of the Army Task 3-99-20-001 and Project 3-99-00-000.

De acordo com a International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a certificação da norma na série 14000 está em plena ascensão tanto no Brasil, quanto em todo o mundo, em todas as áreas de atuação, desde a industrial, a qual mais possui empresas certificadas, até as empresas de serviços de saúde. Diante disso o propósito deste trabalho é integrar as obrigações da Anvisa e Conama em suas RDC 222/2018 e Resolução 358/2005, respectivamente - Gestão de Resíduos de Saúde - com a norma ABNT NBR ISO 14001:2015, propondo assim um guia de implantação para organizações de serviços de saúde, visando a redução de custos, eficiência, eficácia e efetividade na gestão dos resíduos de saúde. Para o presente trabalho foi utilizada a pesquisa qualitativa, com caráter exploratório. Dessa forma o guia poderá, além de sugerir a redução de custos e ter um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental efetivo ao GRSS, contribuir para empresas de serviços que realizam apoio aos estabelecimentos de saúde a aperfeiçoar seus trabalhos e contribuir para a evolução do referido guia. / According to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the certification of the ISO 14001 series is on rise both in Brazil and throughout the world, in all industries. Companies as manufacturing industry are more certified than healthcare companies. The integration of ANVISA RDC 222/2018, CONAMA Resolution 358/2005 and ABNT NBR ISO 14001:2015, compiled in a Guide with many benefits as cost reduction, efficiency and effectiveness in Health Management Waste is the central objective of this Master dissertation. For the present study the qualitative research was used, with an exploratory character. At the end of this work, the Guide will provide a cost reduction and a effective Environmental Management System with PGRSS, contributing with consultancy firms, new hospitals, clinical spots and many others.

De acordo com a International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a certificação da norma na série 14000 está em plena ascensão tanto no Brasil, quanto em todo o mundo, em todas as áreas de atuação, desde a industrial, a qual mais possui empresas certificadas, até as empresas de serviços de saúde. Diante disso o propósito deste trabalho é integrar as obrigações da Anvisa e Conama em suas RDC 222/2018 e Resolução 358/2005, respectivamente - Gestão de Resíduos de Saúde - com a norma ABNT NBR ISO 14001:2015, propondo assim um guia de implantação para organizações de serviços de saúde, visando a redução de custos, eficiência, eficácia e efetividade na gestão dos resíduos de saúde. Para o presente trabalho foi utilizada a pesquisa qualitativa, com caráter exploratório. Dessa forma o guia poderá, além de sugerir a redução de custos e ter um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental efetivo ao GRSS, contribuir para empresas de serviços que realizam apoio aos estabelecimentos de saúde a aperfeiçoar seus trabalhos e contribuir para a evolução do referido guia. / According to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the certification of the ISO 14001 series is on rise both in Brazil and throughout the world, in all industries. Companies as manufacturing industry are more certified than healthcare companies. The integration of ANVISA RDC 222/2018, CONAMA Resolution 358/2005 and ABNT NBR ISO 14001:2015, compiled in a Guide with many benefits as cost reduction, efficiency and effectiveness in Health Management Waste is the central objective of this Master dissertation. For the present study the qualitative research was used, with an exploratory character. At the end of this work, the Guide will provide a cost reduction and a effective Environmental Management System with PGRSS, contributing with consultancy firms, new hospitals, clinical spots and many others.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

La prueba de testigos ha sido utilizada en los distintos procesos y en las mas diversas áreas del derecho durante tiempos inmemoriables con objeto de establecer los hechos del juicio

Bibliography: p. 99-101. / Issued also as a M.S. thesis in the Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1968. / NSF Research Grant GK 563. DSR Project no. 74994.