The R&D alliance becomes a popular way to develop products by cooperating with external organizations in the face of severe global competition. The enterprises can improve core competence and reduce environmental uncertainty through R&D alliances. However, the success rate of alliance is not high. Consequently, how to organize and operate R&D alliances effectively and successfully is the key competence of enterprise to win in the future. In order to increase the success rate of R&D alliance, the purpose of this study is to create a conceptual and integrated model for developing the successful mechanisms of formation and operation on R&D alliances. VPDCA (Vision-Plan-Do-Check-Action) cycle was developed as a conceptual framework through literature survey and case study for investigating the successful mechanisms of formation and operation on R&D alliances, which is to be regarded as a ¡¥learning by doing¡¦ process. First of all, vision leading is the first step to assure alliance to be succeeded. SSO (Search-Select-Organize) was developed as a successful process model for organizing R&D alliances. R&D alliance operation was regarded as a teamwork operation in this study. Only has the good effective team operation, can achieve expected vision. LICTEL (Leadership-Integration-Communication-Trust-Execution-Learning) was considered as the key aspects to run alliances successfully. The key success factors of each aspect are as follows: Leadership: vision, inspiration vitality, integrity and delegation Integration: open, linkage, collaboration, leverage outside resources, synergy Communication: dialogue, open mind, passion, patience and positive thinking Trust: co-value, cooperation, communication, consensus and commitment Execution: discipline, push and pull Learning: connect, interaction and share The achievements of operation and management on R&D alliance should be evaluated finally. 3P (Pleasure-Performance-Profit) was considered as key measures to evaluate the outcomes of R&D alliance implementation. Furthermore, effectiveness, efficiency and competence build-up are regarded as key measures to evaluate implementation performance of R&D alliance.