This diploma thesis deals with the separation of aerosol particles on membranes from polypropylene hollow fibers. As a source of particles, a desktop 3D printer using polymer filaments was used. Filtration efficiency and a pressure drop on a hollow polypropylene fiber membrane and a high efficiency particulate filter (HEPA filter) were monitored during filtration of particles from 3D print using filaments of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, polylactic acid and polyethylene terephthalate glycol at nearly the same air flow. The results achieved by both filer media are then compared and discussed. The results show that the hollow fiber membrane achieves better filtration efficiency at higher particle concentrations, while using the less emitting materials, the efficiency of the HEPA filter was higher or the same. The total filtration efficiency calculated from all experiments with all filaments was higher for the hollow fiber membrane with higher pressure drop at the same time.

In the experimental part of this thesis there is an assessment of pressure bearing capacity of cylindrical nozzles printed using a 3D printer. In the theoretical part of this diploma thesis there are outlined the types of additive technologies focusing on the development of FDM printers, open designs and RepRap project. Descripti-on of the production process of 3D printing and application of additive technolo-gies in the field of HVAC. In the project part, the design of the forced ventilation of the Sports Hall is solved. The object is assessed in terms of heat losses and profits for priority rooms of functional units. Heat load coverage is carried out by air-conditioning equipment. In addition, a project is drawn up which contains all the text and drawings, including technical specifications and regulatory schemes.

This master thesis deals with a study of directional antennas, followed by their design and optimalization of horn antenna based on SIW for Ka band (26,5- 40 GHz). The first part of the thesis contains the theoretical analysis of the different types of directional antennas, also the SIW technology is described here. It also describes the 3D printing technology by means of which the final antenna should be made. The next part of this work is about design of horn antenna based on SIW. Simulation and optimization of the antenna will be done using the CST Microwave Studio. The final part of the thesis deals with evaluation of achieved results.

The aim of the work was design and realization of device to simplify and speed up the testing of AWS / TPWS train protection system. The first chapter is addressed to description and division of train protection systems. The next chapter describes the process of commissioning the AWS / TPWS system and possible applycation of the device to this process. The final chapters deal with design, specification of components, realization of device and verification of its functionality.

This thesis deals with 3D printing, materials used for 3D printing, testing of the materials and learning their real parameters. Goal of the thesis is comparing selected materials, executing series of mechanical test and selecting suitable material for printing high-quality plastic parts for use in automobiles, especially for reproduction of parts that are no longer made for oldtimers and for use in motorsport.

This master thesis is about design and construction of FDM delta 3D printer which consists of 32-bit electronics, magnetics printer head and other necessary peripheries. Opening chapters of this thesis are about theory of 3D printing and its methods with description of FDM 3D printers and summarization of FDM plastic materials used for 3D printing. The next part is about used electronics and problematic of heat transfer. The main part of this thesis describes design and construction of 3D printer and its necessary peripheries, which includes creation of its 3D model and application for 32bit controller. 3D model of delta 3D printer and its heating components was created in CAD software SolidWorks. The last part includes description of commissioning and calibration of delta 3D printer with summarization of economic aspects of its creation.

This master thesis deals with a study of directional antennas, followed by their design and optimization of horn antenna based on SIW for Ka band (26,5- 40 GHz). The first part of the thesis contains the theoretical analysis of the different types of directional antennas, also the SIW technology is described here. It also describes the 3D printing technology by means of which the final antenna should be made. The next part of this work is about design of horn antenna based on SIW. Simulation and optimization of the antenna will be done using the CST Microwave Studio. The horn antenna was modeled with three different dielectric loads. The horn antenna with an experimental triangular dielectric load was chosen for fabrication. The fabricated antenna has reached almost the whole bandwidth to cover Ka. The antenna gain was 9,38 dBi for 33 GHz frequency.

This master's thesis deals with 3D printing using non-commercial 3D RepRap type printers. This work briefly describes development trends of non-commercial RepRap printers, theory of FDM print with analysis and comparison of materials, which are used in printing and the issue of the finite volume method and theory of heat diffusion. The practical part based on simulations from SolidWorks Flow Simulation discussed two basic methods of heating hot bed, then the temperature profile of hot end and the heat flow in full assembly of the printer. Outcome of this work is design an optimized model and the physical assembly of 3D printer delta pi type.

[ES] Los Nanotubos (CNTs) y Nanofibras de Carbono (CNFs) son materiales de nueva generación que tienen características mejores que los materiales convencionalmente utilizados. Los Nanotubos están formados por carbono, siendo su unidad elemental un plano de grafito enrollado cilíndricamente creando tubos de diámetro nanométrico. Por otro lado, las Nanofibras son materiales intermedios entre las habituales fibras de carbono y los CNTs, las cuales se han desarrollado con la finalidad de obtener fibras de carbono nanométricas y pudiendo reemplazar a los CNTs, de una forma más económica y pudiéndose obtener en grandes cantidades. Todo ello, ha llevado a que estos materiales susciten grandes intereses como consecuencia de sus variadas aplicaciones posibles, provocando que se haya trabajado en optimizar y trasladar su proceso de producción a nivel industrial y cada día sean más atractivos. La conveniencia de utilizar estos productos radica en sus excelentes propiedades mecánicas, alta conductividad térmica y eléctrica, así como buena estabilidad a altas temperaturas. Todo ello hace que este tipo de materiales sea muy interesante para ser empleado como refuerzo en matrices termoplásticas. Sin embargo, los materiales compuestos que se ha conseguido obtener hasta la fecha presentan unas propiedades muy inferiores a las inicialmente esperadas, debido a la naturaleza de los materiales y la elevada incompatibilidad existente entre la matriz polimérica y el nano-refuerzo. Ésta provoca la aglomeración de las partículas y la formación de una interfase polímeronanopartícula de malas propiedades mecánicas, donde la transferencia de tensión entre la matriz y el refuerzo no es efectiva. En busca de alternativas a esta problemática, el presente trabajo trata de evaluar como evolucionas distintas propiedades, como las mecánicas, térmicas, reológicas y/o eléctricas, en los materiales desarrollados tras la incorporación de distintas cantidades tanto de CNFs como de CNTs a una matriz de Polipropileno, mediante un proceso de mezclado en fundido o compounding. En un último estudio, se ha analizado cómo evolucionan las propiedades eléctricas o antiestáticas de estos materiales al ser sometidos a subsiguientes procesados con aportes térmicos (Tª) como son la extrusión de monofilamento y la posterior impresión 3D del mismo, para transformarse en una pieza final. / [CA] Els Nanotubs (CNTs) i Nanofibres de Carboni (CNFs) són una nova generació de materials que presenten unes propietats superiors als materials convencionalment utilitzats. Els CNTs són uns materials formats per carboni, on la unitat bàsica és un pla grafític enrotllat que forma un cilindre, formant uns tubs el diàmetre dels quals és de l'ordre d'alguns nanòmetres. Les CNFs per part seua, es consideren com a materials intermedis entre les fibres de carboni convencionals i els CNTs, desenvolupades a fi de produir unes fibres de carboni de grandària nanométrica alternatives als nanotubs, més econòmiques i amb la possibilitat de ser produïdes en grans volums. Tot això, ha portat al fet que aquests materials susciten grans interessos a causa de les seues múltiples possibles aplicacions, provocant que s'haja treballat a optimitzar i traslladar el seu procés de producció a nivell industrial i cada dia siguen més atractius. La conveniència d'utilitzar aquests productes radica en les seues excel·lents propietats mecàniques, alta conductivitat tèrmica i elèctrica, així com bona estabilitat a altes temperatures. Tot això fa que aquest tipus de materials siga molt interessant per a ser emprat com a reforç en matrius termoplàstiques. No obstant això, els materials compostos que s'ha aconseguit obtindre fins hui presenten unes propietats molt inferiors a les inicialment esperades, a causa de la naturalesa dels materials i l'elevada incompatibilitat existent entre la matriu polimèrica i el nano-reforç. Aquesta provoca l'aglomeració de les partícules i la formació d'una interfase polímer-nanopartícula de baixes propietats mecàniques, on la transferència de tensió entre la matriu i el reforç no és efectiva. A la recerca d'alternatives a aquesta problemàtica, el present treball tracta d'avaluar com evoluciones diferents propietats, com les mecàniques, tèrmiques, reològiques i/o elèctriques, en els materials desenvolupats després de la incorporació de diferents quantitats tant de CNFs com de CNTs a una matriu de Polipropilè, mitjançant un procés de barrejat en fos o compounding. En un últim estudi, s'ha analitzat com evolucionen les propietats elèctriques o antiestàtiques d'aquests materials en ser sotmesos a subsegüents processaments amb aportacions tèrmiques (Tª) com són l'extrusió de monofilaments i la posterior impressió 3D d'aquest, per a transformar-se en una peça final. / [EN] Nanotubes (CNTs) and Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) are a new generation of materials that present superior properties to conventionally used materials. CNTs are materials made of carbon, where the basic unit is a rolled graphite plane that forms a cylinder, forming tubes whose diameter is of the order of a few nanometres. For their part, CNFs are considered as intermediate materials between conventional carbon fibres and CNTs, developed in order to produce nano-sized carbon fibres that are alternatives to nanotubes, cheaper and with the possibility of being produced in large volumes. . All this has led to these materials arousing great interest due to their multiple possible applications, causing work to be done to optimize and transfer their production process to an industrial level and become more attractive every day. The convenience of using these products lies in their excellent mechanical properties, high thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as good stability at high temperatures. All this makes this type of material very interesting to be used as reinforcement in thermoplastic matrices. However, the composite materials that have been obtained to date have much lower properties than those initially expected, due to the nature of the materials and the high incompatibility between the polymeric matrix and the nanoreinforcement. This causes the agglomeration of the particles and the formation of a polymer-nanoparticle interface with poor mechanical properties, where the transfer of tension between the matrix and the reinforcement is not effective. In search of alternatives to this problem, this work tries to evaluate how different properties evolve, such as mechanical, thermal, rheological and / or electrical, in the materials developed after the incorporation of different amounts of both CNFs and CNTs to a matrix. Polypropylene, through a melt mixing process or compounding. In a last study, it has been analysed how the electrical or antistatic properties of these materials evolve when subjected to subsequent processing with thermal inputs (Tª) such as the extrusion of monofilament and the subsequent 3D printing of it, to become a final piece . / Peris Abad, F. (2021). Desarrollo de materiales compuestos mediante la modificación de matrices de polipropileno por adición de nanofibras de carbono y nanotubos de carbono para su utilización en el sector textil [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/165209 / TESIS

Biochemistry is usually the last taught discipline of chemistry. In the Czech Republic, grammar school students study biochemistry during the third or fourth grade. This can sometimes cause problems because there is often little time left for biochemistry when compared to other chemical disciplines. The content of the biochemical curriculum is often limited only to memorization of the most important facts and there is no time enough to point out the important relationships of biochemistry to everyday life. In the last year of study, many students have already decided whether or not to study chemistry in the future and it is then difficult to find some topics that would attract the attention of those who do not want to continue studying chemistry. This thesis is focused on the solving this situation. The first part gives an overview on the theoretical background, which forms the framework for the following parts - Analysis of selected textbooks, which was done to map the current state of teaching biochemistry in Czech schools, and Creation of new didactic materials that can complement current textbooks and help teachers explain the basics of biochemistry more clearly and in the context of contemporary everyday life. The last part of this diploma thesis summarizes the experiences with use of the...