本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第5632号 / 理博第1561号 / 新制||理||866(附属図書館) / UT51-94-J64 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 高橋 敞, 教授 竹市 雅俊, 教授 山岸 秀夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第5635号 / 理博第1564号 / 新制||理||867(附属図書館) / UT51-94-J67 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 山岸 秀夫, 教授 志村 令郎, 教授 前田 章夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第8197号 / 理博第2219号 / 新制||理||1172(附属図書館) / UT51-2000-F101 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 山村 則男, 教授 安部 琢哉, 教授 米井 脩治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第5517号 / 理博第1496号 / 新制||理||835(附属図書館) / UT51-94-B161 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 廣田 勇, 教授 光田 寧, 教授 木田 秀次 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである. / Kyoto Journal of Mathematics, vol35(3), pp.539-567, 1995, http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.kjm/1250518709 / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第5884号 / 理博第1591号 / 新制||理||889(附属図書館) / UT51-95-D203 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科数学専攻 / (主査)教授 西田 孝明, 教授 渡辺 信三, 教授 岩崎 敷久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

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What is a ‘language’? What is a ‘dialect’? Officially and politically, South Tyrol (in northeastern Italy) is an Italian–German bilingual region. The local Germanic variety spoken in the area is commonly referred to as a ‘dialect’ and therefore ‘subordinate’ to Standard German. The main aim of this dissertation is to investigate whether the community is bilingual (German–Italian) – due to socio-political distinctions and thus in line with the legal regulations – or whether it is actually trilingual (German–Italian–South Tyrolean) – due to linguistic distinctions. This dissertation contributes to the understanding of how relying only on socio-political distinctions (e.g., history, national borders) when defining the term ‘language’ can have an influence on both language acquisition processes and on educational institutions (e.g., teaching practices). The South Tyrolean dialect is used for all informal purposes: it is the language used at home, in personal domains, and in everyday activities. Standard German is the main language used within educational institutions in South Tyrol. Thus, Standard German language learning in South Tyrol is routinely compared and assumed to be largely equivalent to the acquisitional path of a German monolingual child from Germany. Although Standard German and the South Tyrolean dialect are related, they also differ from each other in various ways. One way to determine how different languages or varieties are is to test the (mutual) intelligibility of the two languages/varieties. The intelligibility-based approach used in this dissertation demonstrated that the community in South Tyrol is indeed trilingual. Based on linguistic distinctions, therefore, I will show that the dialect can be classified as a distinct language. The second empirical study in this dissertation investigated whether this ‘hidden trilingualism’ has an impact on young children’s linguistic acquisitional process by using a standardized receptive language test in Standard German. The main aim of this dissertation is to show that the problem lies in the clash between the socio-political stance and the linguistic reality.

In the first three decades of the twentieth century, New York City emerges as a recurrent theme in Spanish literature. However, critical attention to the presence of this city in Spanish letters has been traditionally limited to the study of Diario de un poeta reciencasado (1916) by Juan Ramón Jiménez and Poeta en Nueva York (published posthumously in 1940) by Federico García Lorca. The wealth of popular novels and novellas published in this same period as well as the numerous travelogues where New York played a prominent role, have traditionally been dismissed due to their alleged lack of literary value. This is the case of Pruebas de Nueva York (1927) by José Moreno Villa, El crisol de las razas (1929) by Teresa de Escoriaza, Anticípolis (1931) by Luis de Oteyza, and La ciudad automática (1932) by Julio Camba. Departing from traditional aesthetic and structuralist analyses, I propose that this corpus provides an important insight into the cultural debate on modernity in early twentieth-century Spain. For my analysis, I will be drawing on key theoretical work in postcolonial and gender studies, particularly with relation to the nation. The application of these theories to close textual analysis of early twentieth-century Spanish New York narratives will unveil the pervasive use of the biopolitical criteria of ‘class’, ‘gender’, and ‘race’ by competing projects of national regeneration after 1898 in Spain, as well as the often disregarded connections between the Spanish crisis of national identity and the wider European context.

This inquiry examines the connection of relativism with cultural identity in contemporary European films and novels. The focus is on representations of marginal bodies challenging essentialist understandings of cultural identity, called metousi-astic. The method is semiotic and discourse analysis of literary and visual texts from a poststructuralist theoretical stance. The main texts are twelve novels and twelve films, chosen for the purpose of a cohesive discussion about four main thematic and stylistic features. Although this project started off from German and Italian works at the geo-historical borders of modern western and other European ideologies, the inquiry engages also with texts in other languages. Chapter 1 ad-dresses the questions raised in the introduction and provides their rationale in the shift from essentialist to more sceptical understandings of cultural memory and identity. Chapters 2 to 5 deal with the four relativist themes and styles selected. Authors and film-directors include György Pálfi (Hungary), Gianni Amelio (Ita-ly), Juli Zeh (Germany), Ian McEwan (Britain), Amélie Nothomb (Belgium), Alejandro Amenábar (Spain), Erik de Bruyn (the Netherlands), Lars von Trier (Denmark), and José Saramago (Portugal). Chapter 2 argues that relativist por-trayals of the body and the mind question essentialist norms of health. Chapter 3 contends that work and play supply a thematic tool apt to defy age-roles. Chapter 4 zooms in on the biopolitical implications of social bonds in which heteronorma-tive discourses are criticised. Chapter 5 extends this anti-essentialist or metousias-tic critique to intercultural relationships challenging ethnocentric narratives, which add the fourth and last comparative reading. The conclusion examines these tropes further. This final section further refines the argument that the four stylistic and thematic features analysed offer a new remodelling of cultural identity based on the relativist awareness of the social and historical shaping of the body at the margins of conventional norms.

The influence of language on thought has been a fervent topic of philosophical and empirical debate for over half a century (see Wolff & Holmes, 2010, for a review). Recent advances in neuroscientific methods have enabled researchers to show that language influences perception and thought from the earliest stages of stimulus processing, even when the task is apparently dissociated from linguistic processes (c.f. Thierry, Athanasopoulos, Wiggett, Dering, & Kuipers, 2009; Boutonnet,Athanasopoulos, & Thierry, 2012; Boutonnet, McClain, & Thierry, 2014; Athanasopoulos et al., 2015). The purpose of the current thesis is to extend this investigation to specifically focus on the impact of culture-specific conceptual representations and linguistic context on semantic processing and affective biases. To this end, the thesis comprises four empirical studies in which we assess how each language possessed by bilinguals relates to their semantic cultural knowledge. Thus, this thesis seeks to establish (i) whether a particular link exists between native language and semantic knowledge concerning the native culture (Chapter 3); and (ii) the nature of this link, with a specific emphasis on long-term, immutable emotional associations (Chapter 4) and short-term, ephemeral emotional states (Chapter 6). I also examine the specificity of the language-culture link as a property of language status in the bilingual mind (Chapter 5). To summarize the findings in advance, I show that bilinguals’ languages diverge when processing information that is specifically related to the native culture. The findings also indicate – via our emotional manipulation – a fundamental difference in processing style between the two languages. Whereas the second language (L2) is characterized by a more rational processing style, the first language (L1) has a greater tendency to bias. Moreover, the particular language-culture link only appears to exist when the native language is not only strongly associated with the native culture, but when it is also the bilingual’s dominant language. Overall, the work presented in this thesis provides novel evidence for the effect of language, culture, and emotions on cognition, even at the level of semantic knowledge.