The plan of the present work may be outlined as follows. The first chapter contains a discussion of the concept of Classical Arabic. In the second chapter, the Shehri language is introduced and the region in which it is spoken is described. Background information is presented concerning the social and historical conditions of the region and the reasons are discussed for the language's survival there. This is followed by a review of all the writings, comments, and recent studies of Arab linguists on the topic. Chapter Three contains a glossary of Shehri words that correspond in root and meaning with Classical Arabic. Chapter Four contains a glossary of Shehri words that correspond in root with Classical Arabic and are similar in meaning. Chapter Five contains a glossary of Shehri words that correspond in meaning with Classical Arabic although not having the same roots. Chapter Six contains a glossary of Shehri words that are similar in both root and meaning to Classical Arabic. Chapter Seven contains a systematic study of metathesis and mutation in Shehri and Classical Arabic. In the Conclusion, a review is made of results, followed by a discussion and a number of recommendations.

This thesis is concerned with noun phrases, statives and so-called -abnormal- plene writings as found in the Akkadian of Old Babylonian letters. The corpus used consists of the first seven volumes of the series Altbobylonische Briefe in Umschrift und Ubersetzung.

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This thesis investigates the role of emphatics within the Semitic sound system as the basis for a typology of Semitic emphatics. In seeking to define the term 'emphatic', since emphatics are realised in some Semitic languages as ejectives, and in others as 'pharyngealised', or 'backed', the phonetic aspects of both are investigated. I present acoustic analyses of Tigrinya and Arabic (Peninsula Arabian and Iraqi) emphatics, paying particular attention to perceptual salience. Firstly, the notions of 'noise-lag' and 'stop-lag' are discussed and exemplified in relation to ejectives; secondly, I present and evaluate analyses of VOT in Arabic, showing that there is dialectal variation in the voicing series (i.e. two-way vs three-way). Further to this, I discuss the phonological composition of the various emphatics and gutturals, proposing structural representations broadly within an Element-theoretic framework. I then take a diachronic angle, looking at Proto-Semitic and the development of the sound systems of the Semitic languages, in particular the Semitic triads, and the development of 'backed' emphatics as a product of changing sound systems. I argue that Proto-Semitic laterals were not part of the 'triad' system and that the voiced lateral fricative was 'backed'. The Emphatic Trajectory hypothesis is evaluated and theoretically contextualised, and I show that dialectal variation in the voicing series of Arabic is relevant to the variant phonological systems of the dialect types discussed. A preliminary comparative investigation into Arabic dialect sound systems is then presented. I discuss dialect classification and detail a set of key variables for each dialect group. The thesis then discusses the issue of 'emphasis spread', analysing data from four different dialect types. The data is discussed in terms of sound systems, and the traditional analysis of 'emphasis spread' is disputed. I show how the various sound systems of Arabic are characterised by resonance patterns, which are a crucial part of what is normally taken to be 'emphasis spread', and that there is an active process of 'fronting' (imiila) which is crucial to an analysis of 'emphasis' (tafxlm). The thesis concludes with an evaluation of the research, stressing the need for systematic and consistent cross-dialectal analyses of both the phonetics and the phonology of Semitic emphatics. I outline how this can be used in future work to develop a comprehensive comparative typology; towards which this thesis is a preliminary contribution.

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The jigsaw puzzle works as one rotates a puzzle piece to fit into its counterpart piece. Thus, mental rotation is expected to occur in solving the puzzle, three-dimensional in the present study. On this point, the process might differ from that of a traditional task that compares, or matches, a target stimulus with a reference stim-ulus. The rationale is because of how the processes would be internally represented in mind. Experiment 1 was performed through these notions. Besides, Experiment 2 was planned as correlational research to apply the results into vocational rehabilitation. The application is intended to detect an association between the performance of mental rotation and that of building blocks. Although similar studies were performed, those methodologies needed more details. Given this point, a unique data-curating technique is proposed in the present study to combine mean reaction time and error rate by assigning ranks based on priority. The technique was applied to predict those capable of assembling blocks. In addition, whether the strength of the association differs was also checked. The present study was conducted as a pilot study to explore its potential, fine-tune the design of experiments, and estimate sample size through power analysis. Experiment 1 suggested that mental rotation is utilized to fit a puzzle piece into its counterpart and that the task deviates from that of matching objects. Experiment 2 indicated that the capability of solving the puzzle among individuals strongly associates with that of assembling blocks. Besides, it implied the potential of utilizing the priority-based rank-ordering technique to predict assembling capabilities among individuals through computer-based behavioral data. The results of the present study were contrasted with that of similar research to permeably explain behaviors through a proposed unique model. / 京都大学 / 修士 / 修士(人間健康科学) / Kyoto University / TFtmp

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