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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Determining the mass of the Milky Way using blue horizontal branch stars

Clewley, Lee January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
2

Carbon chain species in photon-dominated regions

Chuimin, Roisin N. I. January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
3

Influence de la glace d’eau sur les propriétés spectroscopiques et énergétiques d’hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques / Influence of water ice on the spectroscopic and energetic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Michoulier, Eric 10 November 2017 (has links)
Les molécules hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (PAH) sont supposées responsables de bandes d’émission infrarouge spécifiques dans le milieu interstellaire (MIS). Les zones froides et denses du MIS, telles que les nuages moléculaires, abritent des grains de poussière dont le manteau est majoritairement composé de glace d’eau. L’interaction du PAH avec la glace tend d’une part à modifier ses propriétés spectroscopiques et d’autre part, sous irradiation UV, à induire une réactivité spécifique. Notre travail théorique s’inscrit dans ce cadre et vise à étudier l’influence de la glace sur les propriétés énergétiques et spectroscopiques des PAH, en lien avec des expériences de laboratoire. Dans un premier temps, nous avons simulé des trajectoires d’adsorption de PAH à la surface de glaces amorphe et cristalline par dynamique moléculaire classique sur la base d’une approche champ de force. Une méthodologie rigoureuse a été développée pour paramétrer les charges des différents PAH. L’énergie d’adsorption d’un certain nombre de PAH a pu être ainsi déterminée et une corrélation a été établie entre site d’adsorption et présence de liaisons pendantes à la surface. Puis les configurations générées ont été utilisées pour des calculs SCC-DFTB : les spectres vibrationnels, harmoniques et anharmoniques pour les différents PAH et types de glace ont été déterminés. Les décalages ou émergences de bandes identifiées sur les spectres calculés ont été comparés aux données expérimentales. L’influence de l’organisation locale des molécules d’eau environnantes sur le potentiel d’ionisation vertical a été caractérisée, ce processus pouvant impacter les états précurseurs à la réactivité. / Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) molecules are thought to be responsible for specific infrared emission bands in the interstellar medium (ISM). The cold and dense areas of the ISM, such as molecular clouds, contain dust particles whose mantle is predominantly composed of water ice. The interaction of PAH with ice tends, on the one hand, to modify its spectroscopic properties and, on the other hand, under UV irradiation, to induce a specific reactivity. Our theoretical work falls within this framework and aims to study the influence of ice on the energetic and spectroscopic properties of PAH, in connection with laboratory experiments. First, we have simulated the adsorption of PAH at the surface of amorphous and crystalline ice by classical molecular dynamics based on a force-field approach. A rigorous methodology has been developed to parameterize the charges of the different PAH. The adsorption energy of a various PAHs could thus be determined and a correlation was established between the adsorption sites and the presence of dangling bonds at the surface. Then, the generated configurations were used for SCC-DFTB calculations: the vibrational, harmonic and anharmonic spectra for the different PAHs and types of ice were determined. The shifts or emergences of bands identified on the calculated spectra were compared with the experimental data. The influence of the local organization of the surrounding water molecules on the vertical ionization potential has been characterized, as this process can impact precursor states to reactivity.
4

Rubies in the dust : tracing high mass star formation throughout the Milky Way

Gallaway, Mark John January 2012 (has links)
Over the last decade a number of potential tracers of massive star (M > 8M ) formation have been put forward. In this thesis I attempt to understand how these tracers relate to one another and attempt to identify the most suitable tracer for future surveys for massive star formation sites. In this thesis we examine a number of these tracers; the Methanol Maser Multi- Beam Survey (MMB), the Red MSX Survey (RMS), the Boston University Five Colleges Radio Astronomical Observatory (BU-FCRAO) Galactic Ring Survey (GRS), the BOLOCAM Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) and the Perretto &amp; Fuller (P&F) Infrared Dark Cloud (IRDC) Catalogue, in addition to the Cyganowski Extended Green Objects Catalogue. This work employs a bespoke non-circular aperture photometry technique, K=1 Nearest Neighbour Analysis and Minimum Spanning Trees (MSTs) in multi-dimensional parameter space with oversampling, edge weighing, mean edge fracturing and convex hull tting. Additional, new 13CO observations were made of the young infrared cluster BDS[2003] 107 (Bica 107) and its environs. We see that despite not being contained within the GLIMPSE Point Source Archive the bulk of masers have an infrared bright counterpart. Photometry of the counterparts shows that they occupy the same colour spaces as that previously determined in Ellingsen (2006); [3.6]-[4.5]>1 and [8.0]<1. We show that the bulk of RMS MYSOs do not exhibit masing and that a signi cant fraction of MYSOs are not found within the RMS . Additionally, we see that the EGO RMS association rate is higher than expected. The BGPS, GRS and P&amp;F IRDC exhibit clustering and elongating, with a common characteristic clustering scale of the order of 6 8 pc. We see that the BGPS is more strongly associated with massive star formation than the GRS. Additionally, we see that although in general all three hull types occupy similar co-located spatial positions they also appear as isolated hulls. The analysis of Bica 107 shows that it is part of a larger star forming region containing Bica 108 and the ultra compact HII region, G5.89. The maser associated with Bica 107 appears to lie on the edge of the cluster's expanding CO shell. The observation that the IRAC colour-magnitude occupied by the masers from the Ellingsen sample is consistent with the MMB, sample suggest that these objects have broadly consistent colours during their masing phase. This can be attributed to the dust and gas envelope being radiatively dominant. The cross matching results indicate that the majority of MYSOs do not exhibit masing. The RMS appears to be missing MYSOs due to missing sources in the MSX catalogue and a photospheric bluing due to MSX large beam width, moving candidates outside the RMS colour cut. The RMS EGO relationship appears to be inconsistent with observed MYSO evolution and may be indicative of multiple EGO generation mechanism as suggested by De Buizer and Vacca (2010). The BPGS and GRS objects and IRDCs do not appear to form a star formation sequence and their existence is not necessarily an indicator of on-going star formation; rather they are an indication of the potential for star formation. All three species types showing signs of clustering and elongation. The shared characteristic scale is suggestive that there may be a processes acting below the scale of the GMC but above that of a single star forming region. The maser associated with Bica 107 appears to be either an example of triggered star formation or late onset star formation within the region and is not an example of continuing star formation within Bica 107. We conclude that a GLIMPSE based colour-selected survey, with follow-up observation to reduce contamination, would be the most appropriate method for identifying MYSOs, given the reliability of the tracers examined in this thesis.
5

Migration radiale dans les disques galactiques et applications à la Voie Lactée / Radial migration in galactic disks and applications to the Milky Way

Kubryk, Maxime 09 September 2014 (has links)
Nous étudions la migration radiale des étoiles, et testons son impact sur l’évolution chimique de la Voie Lactée. Pour cela nous utilisons une simulation N-corps+SPH (Gadget-3) de galaxie fortement barrée, afin d’étudier la migration radiale induite par la barre. Nous examinons un nouveau mécanisme de migration radiale: une fraction des étoiles piégées à la corotation de la barre, se déplacent avec le rayon de corotation lorsque celui-ci va vers l’extérieur (quand la vitesse de rotation de la barre diminue, du fait de son évolution séculaire). Nous montrons que ce mécanisme affecte principalement les régions externes du disque, à condition que la corotation atteigne ces régions. Nous montrons également que ce mécanisme n’a pas d’effets dans la Voie Lactée, car les estimations observationnelles des caractéristiques de la barre, indiquent que la corotation est loin des zones externes. Nous analysons également la migration radiale dans cette simulation, afin de construire un modèle empirique de diffusion stellaire dans le disque, et nous incluons ce modèle dans un code semi-analytique d’évolution chimique de galaxie. Nous testons la validité de cette approche en vérifiant que les galaxies simulées N-corps+SPH et semi-analytique ont des propriétés morphologiques et chimiques similaires. Nous appliquons ensuite notre modèle à la Voie Lactée, en adaptant les paramètres du modèle. Puis, nous comparons les résultats obtenus avec un grand nombre d’observations concernant le voisinage solaire (relation âge-métallicité, distribution de métallicité, relation a/Fe vs Fe/H et la bimodalité disque mince - disque épais) , et les gradients radiaux d’abondance. / We study the radial migration of stars, and test its impact on the chemical evolution of the Milky Way. For this we use a simulation-body + SPH (Gadget-3) strongly barred galaxy to study the radial migration induced by the bar. We examine a new mechanism of radial migration: a fraction of stars trapped at corotation with the bar, move with the corotation radius when it goes outwards (when the rotational speed of the bar decreases, because of its secular evolution). We show that this mechanism affects mainly the outer regions of the disc, provided that the corotation reaches these regions. We also show that the mechanism has no effects in the Milky Way, as the observational estimates of the characteristics of the bar indicates that the corotation is not in the outer regions. We also analyze the radial migration in this simulation to construct an empirical model of diffusion in the stellar disk, and we include this model in a semi-analytic code of chemical evolution of galaxy. We test the validity of this approach by ensuring that the galaxies simulated with N-body + SPH and semi-analytic have similar morphological and chemical properties. We then apply our model to the Milky Way, by adapting the model parameters. Then, we compare the results obtained with a large number of observations on the solar neighborhood (age-metallicity relation, metallicity distribution, relationship O/Fe vs. Fe/H and bimodality thin disk - thick disk), and radial gradients of abundances.
6

Ανίχνευση και μελέτη φαινομένων μεσοαστρική ύλης / Detection and study of the interstellar media

Άκρας, Σταύρος 07 July 2010 (has links)
Ο σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη δύο σημαντικών φαινομένων μεσοαστρική ύλης όπως είναι τα Πλανητικά Νεφελώμάτα (ΠΝ) και η ράβδος των σπειροειδών γαλαξιών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, μελετήθηκαν 44 ΠΝ στην περιοχή του Γαλαξιακού σφαιροειδούς (Boumis et al. 2003; 2006) και προσδιορίστηκαν οι φυσικοί παράμετροι τους, όπως είναι η ενεργός θερμοκρασία και η λαμπρότητα του κεντρικού αστεριού, η πυκνότητα και η θερμοκρασία των ηλεκτρονίων, η αφθονία των Ηe, N, O, S κτλ., χρησιμοποιώντας το μοντέλο φωτο-ιονισμού Cloudy (Akras et al. 2010a). Επίσης, μελετήθηκε η ράβδος των γαλαξιών, χρησιμοποιώντας το μοντέλο διάδοσης ακτινοβολίας CRETE, με σκοπό να ερευνηθεί πώς η ύπαρξη της ράβδου επηρεάζει την μορφολογία των γαλαξιών και την σκόνη τους. Ταυτόχρονα, προσδιορίστηκαν οι παράμετροι της ράβδου, όπως το μήκος, το ύψος, η γωνία κλίσης και η γωνία θέσης της για 4 ραβδωτούς σπειροειδείς γαλαξίες (NGC 4013, UGC 2048, IC 2531 και το Γαλαξία μας). Στο πρώτο μέρος της μελέτης, διαχωρίστηκαν τα ΠΝ ανάλογα με την μορφολογία τους σε σφαιρικά, ελλειπτικά και διπολικά και βρέθηκε ότι η αφθονία του Ηe και του Ν είναι μεγαλύτερη στην τελευταία κατηγορία σε σχέση με τις υπόλοιπες. Επιπλέον, η χρήση του στατιστικού εργαλείου PCA, έδειξε ότι τα κυκλικά και τα ελλειπτικά ΠΝ διαχωρίζονται από τα διπολικά, βάσει της τιμής του λόγου log(Ν/Ο), ο οποίος παίρνει αρνητικές και θετικές τιμές για τα διπολικά, ενώ μόνο αρνητικές τιμές στις υπόλοιπες κατηγορίες. Η κρίσιμη τιμή βρέθηκε ίση με -0.18 dex και αντιστοιχεί σε μάζα προγενέστερου αστεριού ίση με 2.6 (Akras & Boumis 2007). Στο δεύτερο μέρος, περιγράφηκε η ράβδος των γαλαξιών χρησιμοποιώντας την συναρτησιακή ελλειψοειδής υπερβολής. Μεταβάλλοντας την γωνία κλίσης του γαλαξία, η δομή σχήματος «Χ», η οποία παρατηρείται στις ράβδους, μπορεί να παρατηρηθεί μόνο για γωνίες μεγαλύτερες από 60ο. Επιπρόσθετα, στην περίπτωση του Γαλαξία μας, βρέθηκε ότι η γωνία θέσης της ράβδου είναι γύρω στις 25ο και το μήκος της 3.75 kpc (Akras et al. 2010b). Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη ότι η μέση τιμή του μήκους της ράβδου στους γαλαξίες είναι μεταξύ 3.0 και 4.0 kpc, προκύπτει ότι για τον NGC 4013 η γωνία θέσης του είναι μεταξύ 5 και 10 μοίρες, για τον UGC 2048 μεταξύ 40 και 50 μοίρες, για τον IC 2531 35 και 45 μοίρες ενώ τέλος για το Γαλαξία μας υπολογίζεται μεταξύ 20 και 30 μοίρες (Akras et al. 2010b). / The aim of this PhD thesis was the study of two very important interstellar medium phenomena like the Planetary Nebulae (PNe) and the stellar bar in spiral galaxies. In particular, we studied 44 PNe in the Galactic bulge region and we determined their physical parameters, like the effective temperature and luminosity of the central star, the electron temperature and density, the abundance of He, N, O, S etc., using the photo-ionization model “Cloudy” (Akras et al. 2010a). It was also pursued to study the stellar bar component using the 3D radiative transfer model CRETE, in order to investigate the effects of a stellar bar component to the morphology of the galaxy and its dust content. In addition, the parameters of the bar component such as the length, the height, the inclination angle and the position angle were determined for four spiral galaxies (NGC 4013, UGC 2048, IC 2531 and our Galaxy). In the first part of the thesis, the PNe were separated according to their morphology (spherical, elliptical and bipolar shape) and we found that the He and N abundances are greater in bipolar PNe. Moreover, by using the statistical tool PCA, it was found that the circular and the elliptical PNe are different from the bipolar, since the log(O/N) takes negative values in the first two and positive or negative values in the bipolar PNe. The critical value was found at -0.18 dex, which corresponds to a stellar mass of 2.6 (Akras & Boumis 2007). In the second part, we managed to accurately describe the morphology of the bar component by using the function of hyperbolic ellipse. For different inclination angles of the observed galaxies, it was found that the “X-shape" feature can be seen only in the case where the inclination angle is greater than 60 degrees. In the case of Milky Way, it was found that the position angle of the bar is approximately 25 degrees and the length equals to 3.75 kpc (Akras et al. 2010b). Considering that the mean length of the bar component is equal to 3.0-4.0 kpc, it was determined that the position angle of a) NGC 4013 takes values between 5 and 10 degrees, b) UGC 2048 takes values between 40 and 50 degrees, c) IC 2531 takes values between 35 and 45 degrees, and our Galaxy takes values between 20 and 30 degrees (Akras et al. 2010b).

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