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Conventionally, the resolution of a transmission electron microscope is limited to the axial information limit. Higher resolution information may be transferred by tilting the incident illumination, which shifts the region of Fourier space that contributes to the image. This super resolution is highly directional, but may be extended in all directions by restoring the exit wave from images with a complimentary set of beam tilts. Although this may be achieved using a conventional microscope, an instrument where the primary aberrations are corrected electron optically provides significant advantages. This thesis explores the optimal conditions for achieving super resolution using the technique of tilt series restoration from aberration corrected images. The results demonstrate that for a tilt defocus data set of aberration corrected images acquired using the JEOL 2200FS 200 kV transmission electron microscope, the tilt induced changes in the coherent and incoherent aberrations limits the optimal tilt magnitude to 25 mrad or 19 mrad respectively. However, the optimal tilt magnitude will in most cases be limited to approximately 16 mrad by the thickness of the sample itself due to geometric parallax. The need for fundamental microscope stability and an appropriate detector set up is also discussed. Experimental exit wavefunction restorations from tilt defocus data sets of aberration corrected images are then presented for three specimens; <111> oriented strontium titanate, <123:> oriented gold and <112> oriented silicon. These restorations are compared to restorations using a standard focal series data set acquired immediately subsequent to the tilt defocus series. These results demonstrate that by the inclusion of tilted images in the exit wavefunction restoration data set an improvement in the continuous information transfer from 0.11 nm to 0.071 nm can be achieved at 200 kV.

This thesis applies the method of finite element software to calculate pulsed high field magnets. The calculations address the structural and thermal load of pulsed magnets during discharge and at peak field. The most successful currently-used coil designs from different magnet laboratories are assessed with these methods. The results are compared against wellestablished analytic programs; arising differences are discussed. Particular emphasis is on the coil designs developed for the pulsed field facility in the Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, UK. The facility, named after Nikolas Kurti, is described and classified. The coil designs are based on a novel high strength copper-silver conductor, which is compared to other common conductors. In combination with the novel calculation methods this established a new quality of high magnetic fields: the local record was broken in March 2007 by creating the highest magnetic field to date in the Clarendon Laboratory. Present and future trends in pulsed magnet design are discussed and evaluated. These include a discussion of foil coils, braiding of conductors and the matching of conductors with suitable reinforcement. Particular emphasis is placed on the verification of the simulation results. To this end a finite element method is developed which can be used to predict the irreversible change of the inductance of pulsed magnets due to plastic deformation. Preliminary results of residual strains in a magnet using neutron scattering are also considered. Another focus is on reducing the cool-down time of pulsed magnets by using rapid cooling methods. The concept of the so-called 'cooling disc' is new in this respect. Experimental and theoretical results are contrasted with other methods. Other work has contributed to the design of the magnetic channel of the international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment; this thesis gives a summary. The work comprises force calculations, quench considerations and magnetic shielding issues.

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No description available.

No description available.