No description available.

1.3 litres of G5 nuclear emulsion have been exposed to the beam of 4GeV T( - mesons from the Berkeley Bevatron. The processing of nuclear emulsion and measurement techniques for energies of this magnitude are considered in detail The mean free paths in the emulsion for scattering and absorption interaction are studied with "on-track " scanning the frequency distribution of the angles of scatter of the T( - meson is accounted for by an optical model of the nucleus allowing for observer efficiency of detection of the interactions. The characteristics of the absorption interactions are examined and compared with high energy proton and T( - meson beam and cosmic ray results.

This thesis will consider how photons are actually 'tools' for studying and manipulating the nanoscale regime. A tool is considered to be any man-made entity that helps in performing a function, of which all tools could fall into one of two categories; tools either help to record parameters that characterise phenomena, or help to utilise or manipulate phenomena for our advantage. It is argued that many modern scientific instruments (i.e. microscopes) use photons as tools for measuring or influencing the nanoscale regime. This thesis is divided along similar lines. The first body of work looks at using the deflection of photons as a tool to measure the nanoscale regime (i.e a microscope) whilst the second body of work considers using photons as tools for processing in the nanoscale regime. The investigations into the deflection of photons were conducted by studying light scattered forward onto a quadrant photodiode (QPD). This entailed studying fixed 100mm nanoparticles in a modified photonic force microscope (PFM) for calibration purposes. Subsequent studies measured the letters 'NSQI', fixed mammalian cells (RPE-1) and single walled-carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Computational procedures were developed to reconstruct the 3D distribution of scatterers for the 'NSQI' and cellular samples. The second body of work focusses on using photons as tools for processing in the nanoscale regime. Namely, on using the resonant transfer of photonic momentum as a method of selectively sorting SWCNTs by chirality. To this end, simulations were conducted into the use of a resonance based optical sorting technique to separate SWCNTs dispersed in solution. It was found that the separation time could be reduced to less than 10 minutes when processed with an intensity of 104 Wem-2 at elevated solution temperatures.

No description available.

The electromagnetic interactions of charged pions have been studied in detail. In the introduction a new approach for setting up the total Lagrangian of interacting fields has been proposed. In Chapter II the usual renormalisation procedure has been used to separate the divergences of the theory and the renormalisation constants, finite parts of the propagation and vortex functions have been evaluated.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.