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Recently, many kinds of mobile displays have become increasingly popular. They are widely used under a variety of ambient illumination levels, including bright outdoor viewing conditions. Manufacturers of mobile displays require new data and computational models which consider the effect of ambient illumination in order to develop higher quality products. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the ability of the human visual system to evaluate the quality of images reproduced on small-size mobile display media, especially for 2-inch liquid crystal display, and to computationally enhance quality of images under a wide range of ambient illumination levels. Specifically, the following four major issues were investigated: analysis of psychophysical attributes affecting image-quality evaluation, quantification of image quality using measurable image-properties, measurement of the ambient-illumination adaptive contrast sensitivity function, and image enhancement which discounts the effect of ambient-illumination. Since small sized mobile display was mainly focused on in the current research, the results can be used for a limited range of display size. Effects 'of display size were remained as future study. Firstly, typical variations of mobile display media that exist in the real world were simulated using a device characterisation technique and psychophysical attributes (e.g. naturalness, clearness, sharpness, contrastness, colourfulness and preference) affecting the image quality evaluation process were analysed. The naturalness and clearness were found to be the most statistically important ( psychophysical-attributes for modelling image quality. As ambient illumination level increases, the significance of clearness (which is attributed to both contrast and sharpness) increased and image quality was impaired exponentially. Secondly, image quality was modelled using the measurable image properties memory colour reproduction ratio (MCRR), mean chroma and 95th percentile luminance - regarding to the physical characteristics of display media. A computational image-colour quality (ICQ) model was developed that consists of three cognitive processes: local and global assessments and scoring the ICQ. The effect of outdoor illumination on the ICQ model estimate could' be 'quantified as an exponential decay function of illuminance (Ix). Thirdly, to estimate the change in image contrast under a variety of ambient illumination levels, the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) of the human visual system was psychophysically measured using the contrast threshold detection method. As the ambient illumination level increased, the overall contrast sensitivity decreased and the spatial. frequency where the maximum contrast sensitivity occurred was shifted towards a lower frequency. Finally, the loss in contrast sensitivity was quantified and compensated for by increasing the amplitude of Fourier transform of a given image. An. ambient- . illumination adaptive weighting function was applied to the' amplitude increase, . according to the normalised CSF difference between the reference (dark) and a given target ambient illumination level. This IEA method resulted in a considerable image· quality enhancement under outdoor viewing conditions, as verified through a set of psychophysical experiments.

The APIs mechanical properties particularly, tabletability and flowability are of significant interest in the drug dosage tabletting. Insights into the APIs mechanical behaviour not only assist in the selection of optimum tabletting process but the choice of suitable excipients for dosage blend. Prediction of the mechanical properties of seven solid forms was described in this study two of which were used at the initial stage to develop the model. The objective of the model is to test the reliability of applying molecular and crystallographic modelling to predict the slip behaviour of APIs which will provide a quick tool for observing the mechanical properties. Plane rugosity and interlock properties were calculated for the first time by taking the crystallographic properties of each compound. The prediction model comprises of three main components. Firstly, the identification of likely dislocation Burgers vectors based on lattice geometry and dependency to line dislocation; secondly, selection of slip planes for plastic deformation using the calculation of interplanar interactions, rugosity and surface energy and thirdly, characterisations of slip systems or propensity for cleavage and fracture. The pentaerythritol and its derivative, pentaerythritol tetranitrate were selected as the basis structure during development of model because of known cleave and plastic behaviour. From the calculation, the primary Burgers vector for pentaerythritol was identified as ½ [111], and the prominent slip plane for pentaerythritol is a non-habit plane of (001). The (001) was 94% behaving as an ideal slip plane. However, the primary slip system of pentaerythritol was inactive because the Burgers vector was not in the (001) plane. Pentaerythritol was predicted to cleave at (001) because of strong intraplanar intermolecular interactions. In contrast, pentaerythritol tetranitrate was predicted to undergo deformation by slipped on the plane (110) and in the direction of [001]. The (110) was behaving with 82% of ideal slip plane. The predicted slip behaviour was agreeing with the micro-indentation measurements in the literature. Five solid forms of paracetamol, namely polymorph I and II, paracetamol theophylline, paracetamol trihydrates and paracetamol hydrochloride monohydrate were tested using the developed model to verify the prediction robustness. The influence of each component towards the mechanical behaviour of paracetamol varies depending on intermolecular interactions present in the crystal system.

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