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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Progressive vadose diagnosis in Quaternary reef tracts, Barbados, West Indies

Burton, Claire Louise January 1999 (has links)
The role of time on the diagenetic alteration of reef facies, within the vadose zone on Barbados, has been investigated in this thesis. This study was carried out in Barbados, where coral reef deposits have been extensively dated radiometrically and eight discrete sea level stands ranging in age from 80ka to 640 ka have been identified. Within this study the following reef zones were identified: the fore reef, the coral head zone, the reef crest, the rubble zone and back reef sands. Sediments were grouped together according to their position within the reef tract to give a greater understanding of the variability which exists within and between deposits. Petrological analyses of 750 samples in thin section, supplemented by SEM and cathodoluminescence studies have identified a number of diagenetic alteration products. These include the dissolution and replacement of original grains, changes in porosity and cement formation. ICP, XRD, XRF and microprobe studies have also been employed to determine any chemical differences within selected coral samples over time. The research indicates that simplistic models, which are restricted to aeolianites and calcarenites, cannot be directly applied to Barbados. Reef deposits displayed diagenetic variability at differing scales between coral species and reef sediments within single reef tracts (as well as between different reef tracts). Therefore the role of rock fabric between the coral zones is an important consideration in the identification of sequential changes, and it complicates the application of simple time control models, developed for carbonate sands, that have been developed by others.
2

Effets combinés du rayonnement ultraviolet et du réchauffement climatique sur les coraux Scléractiniaires / Combined effects of ultraviolet radiation and global warming on Scleractinian corals

Courtial, Lucile 29 September 2017 (has links)
Les coraux Scléractiniaires se développent généralement dans la zone photique peu profonde, exposée au rayonnement ultraviolet (UVs), la composante la plus dangereuse du rayonnement solaire. Le rayonnement UVs augmente avec le réchauffement climatique et s’ajoute à l’ensemble des pressions auxquelles sont soumis les coraux. Les enjeux de cette thèse ont été 1) de mieux comprendre les effets des UVs sur la réponse physiologique des coraux, les flux de matière organique et les bactéries associées au mucus et au corail; et 2) de caractériser l’effet combiné des UVs et d’une augmentation de température, et/ou d’un changement de disponibilité en sels nutritifs. Les résultats obtenus montrent tout d’abord que l’exposition des coraux aux UVs amplifie l’effet négatif de la température sur leur physiologie. Il en est de même pour l’absence en sels nutritifs, essentiels pour la physiologie corallienne. Nos résultats indiquent également que la sensibilité des coraux à un stress UV dépend de l’espèce étudiée et de la densité de symbiontes présents dans les tissus. L’effet négatif des UVs augmente avec la densité de symbiontes, vraisemblablement dû à la formation d’espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS) qui provoquent des dommages à l’organisme. Dans cette thèse, nous avons montré que la voie de signalisation JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), hautement conservée au sein des êtres vivants, est impliquée dans la gestion de ces espèces réactives et que son inhibition entraine un blanchissement très rapide des coraux sous UVs et forte température. Finalement, l’excrétion de matière organique ainsi que les bactéries associées sont également impactés par les UVs ce qui pourrait contribuer à d’importants changements biochimiques dans l’eau des récifs coralliens. Les travaux de cette thèse apportent de nouvelles connaissances sur les effets des UVs sur les coraux et soulignent l’importance de les prendre en considération lors de nos prédictions sur le devenir des récifs coralliens face au réchauffement climatique. / Scleractinian corals mainly grow in the shallow euphotic zone, exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the most harmful part of the solar radiation. UVR increases with climate change and adds to the different environmental pressures that corals are facing. The aims of this thesis were to 1) better understand the effects of UVR on coral physiology, organic matter fluxes and associated bacteria; 2) assess the combined effects of UVR and thermal stress and/or nutrient level. Results show that UVR worsens the negative effect of temperature on coral physiology, similarly to nutrient depletion. Our results also indicate that the sensitivity to UVR stress (i.e. an increase in UVR) is species dependent and function of the symbiont density. The negative effects of UVR increase with the number of symbionts, likely due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause cellular damages. In the thesis, we showed that the JNK signalling pathway (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), highly conserved in living organisms, is involved in the early response of corals to UVR and its activation is required to repress stress-induced ROS accumulation. Finally, organic matter release and mucus and coral-associated bacteria are also significantly impacted by UVR, which could contribute to important biochemical changes in reef waters. The work conducted in this thesis brings new insights into the effects of UVR on corals and highlights the importance of taking this environmental factor into account when predicting the future of coral reefs under climate change.

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