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This study is concerned with the dynamic and thermodynamic structure of hurricane type circulations. The storm is taken to be symmetric about a vertical axis through its centre, and cylindrical isobaric polar coordinates are used throughout. The possibility of obtaining a time dependent solution by the use of time similarity variables is explored. An analytic solution is found for the dynamical equations of a mature hurricane system in a quasi-stationary state. The solution is based on (i) eddy viscosity coefficients Kl and K2, describing vertical and horizontal transfers of momentum respectively, expressed initially as general functions of p , and (ii) the premise that the radial variation in the magnitudes of the tangential and radial components of velocity are of a similar form. Explicit expressions for Kl and K2 are finally obtained by choosing power law forms, in the p variable, which lead to good agreement between model results and typical observed distributions of the three mean velocity components over the dynamically active region of the storm. By using this (inverse) method of calculating Kl and K2 and an analytic model, the whole eddy system, ranging from those created by the very strong velocity shear close to the sea surface to those connected with violent cloud convection, is described by continuous mathematical functions. The need for a separate boundary layer is avoided. The associated temperature and condensation heating distributions are then calculated from the hydrostatic relation and the thermodynamic equation. To complete the model an integral flux condition for the total evaporation from the sea surface is used to obtain the sea surface temperature for a given input of water vapour at the outer wall of the model. Numerical experiments are carried out which, together with an examination of the basic functional forms involved in the solution, enable the model dynamics to be related to changes in the numerical values of various physical parameters. By considering the model sea temperature for storms having a given kinetic energy, the preferred radial distribution of tangential velocity for such a storm is obtained. It is found that the height of the maximum tangential velocity, the 'steering height', is required to be between 850 and 900mb from thermal considerations. The range of functional variation in the formulation of the eddy terms that can support realistic storm cells is examined, and an investigation is made of the consequences of variation in the Coriolis parameter.

This research project proposed a unique solution to make use of these base stations to keep all subscribers alerted with warning of possible disaster should that be required. As the current, network does not provide a provision for such a noble approach, a new network model has been developed and simulated to interface a sensor (weather station, WeS), with WiMAX weather station. The weather station is based on DSP processor to receive a digitised sensor values, process these values, analyse them and if they fall within the alert zones, packet them according to WiMAX protocol and send them to subscribers. The developed standard bypasses any commercial network to offer free transmission to subscribers. This setup is also able to extract information on weather condition or react on uncertainty, i.e. disaster scenarios. Natural disasters, such as torrent, tornado/ hurricane, volcano eruption, earthquake, Tsunamis or landslide are increasing. Unfortunately they bring with them human tragedies, environment catastrophes, villages, cities and counties are subject to endless devastation during and after the destructive forces. Water, electricity and gas supply are most disrupted and difficult to restore in short time. However, communication is another item that can be affected adversely but WLAN with specific considerations, should be excluded from the effect. This project presents a solution, albeit minor relative to the maximum effect of the disaster, but will keep the telecommunication/communication in operation. Our novel technique, a “Clone Wireless Wide Area Network (CloneWAN)” is a clone wireless network to the wired Network. In the event of natural calamities, it gives continuity of network operation. It is based on WiMAX. The realization of CloneWAN has been formed and simulated to set the national network of the UAE at its correct form. CloneWAN model has been simulated with Opnet platform. All results revealed that the model is complete. The interface to Alerting System is discussed. Results show that the dynamic behavior of the parameters delay and Throughput of CloneWAN model is stable over various and different load scenarios. WiMAX is a de-facto standard in the current and future network requirement standards. Its main component is the Base Station which is normally stationed in the air, high enough to couple signals from other base stations. It is purpose is merely focused on networking signals for commercial purposes. The suggested hardware interface for the Weather Station is based on DSP SHARC processor. The model has been written in C and simulated under Opnet package. A number of scenarios have been set to represent different disasters worldwide. All results are listed and discussed later in the thesis.