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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dynamics of estrogen receptor-α in osteocytes : effects of mechanical strain

Ehrlich, Paula Jeanne January 2002 (has links)
No description available.
2

The role of Src kinases in cytokine induced signalling in haemopoietic cells

Tatton, Emma Louise January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
3

Immunochemical analysis of hydrophobic haptenic analytes : application to the measurement of steroids, triazines and chlorophenols in water

Griffith, Hannah Mary Talbot January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
4

Structural and functional analyses of human pMHC/TCR complexes

Stewart-Jones, Guillaume B. E. January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
5

The effect of HIV-1 polymorphism on CD8+ T-cell antigen recognition

Zimbwa, Peter January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
6

The importance of ectodomain dimensions and optimal cell-cell adhesion in T cell antigen recognition

Wiseman, David Z. January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
7

The fatty acid and retinol binding protein of Heligmosomoides bakeri : a modulator of the host immune response

Siebeke, Ivonne January 2011 (has links)
The increasing awareness that infection by helminths can prevent the development of allergy and autoimmunity partially due to the induction of a regulatory immune response has led to the investigation of parasite-derived molecules and their interactions. This study sought to explore the unique nematode specific fatty acid and retinol binding (FAR) proteins and their potentially important retinol binding ability. Therefore, the FAR protein of the immunoregulatory murine gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri was chosen. Recombinant Hb-FAR-l (rHb-FAR- 1) was successfully expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, and its retinol and fatty acid binding ability was confirmed. Despite the rare activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) by parasite-derived molecules, this protein was found to trigger TLR2 on human embryonic kidney cells 293. Overall, rHb-FAR-l failed to induce the maturation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages (M<l>s), although DC-derived IL-6 was increased. In contrast to many helminth antigens, rHb-FAR-l treated DCs or M<l>s were not found to be hyporesponsive to simultaneous TLR activation, but DCs displayed elevated cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-a) and increased expression of surface activation markers (MHC-II, CD86) in response to two TLR2 ligands, Pam3CSK4 or FSL-l, in comparison to exposure to the TLR2 agonists alone. However, rHb-FAR-l failed to modify the response of DCs to LPS (TLR4), zymosan (TLR2) or ODN1826 (TLR9). Fluorescent labelling of rHb- FAR-l revealed a specific internalization of this antigen into vesicular compartments of both DCs and M<l>s, within 45 min. The immunoregulatory potential of rHb-FAR-l was tested in the non-obese diabetic mouse. Despite the lack of T cell polarization after intraperitoneal (ip) injection of rHb-FAR-l, the protein was able to induce increased levels of IL-lO by splenocytes in response to rHb-FAR-l ex vivo. Subsequent to these ip injections an expanded number of peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) was found in the peritoneal cavity, with a higher percentage of Bl B cells but a lower frequency of peritoneal M<l>s. The latter cell type displayed up-regulated expression of FIZZl and arginase-I, both markers for alternative activation of M<l>s. In addition to in vivo effects, rHb-FAR-l directly stimulated the expression of IL-6, IL-lO and TNF-a from naive PECs in vitro but was not able to interfere with the proliferation of splenic Band T cells. Furthermore, rHb-FAR-l failed to induce Foxp3 expressing regulatory T cells but polarized Th17 cells in an IL-6 dependent manner, suggesting a potential importance in the early transient Th17 response to H. bakeri, which prolongs parasite survival.
8

Implications des proprotéines convertases lors d'infections : de l'activation du pathogène au contrôle de l’immunité / Involvement of the proprotein convertases during infections : from pathogens activation to immunity control

Gagnon, Hugo 18 December 2012 (has links)
Les proprotéines convertases (PC) sont d’importantes enzymes impliquées dans l’activation par clivage de précurseurs protéiques dans la voie de sécrétion cellulaire et qui permettent la régulation de la physiologie animale. Toutefois, les PC ont un rôle particulier lors d’infections, puisqu’elles participent à la fois à l’activation de pathogènes et au contrôle de la réponse immunitaire qu’ils induisent. Cette thèse présente le développement d’un inhibiteur peptidique de PC à des fins thérapeutiques contre les pathogènes et se penche sur le rôle de PC1/3, une PC dite neuroendocrinienne, dans le contrôle de la réponse immunitaire au sein des macrophages. Dans un premier temps, l’inhibiteur de PC a été optimisé par peptidomimétique afin de bloquer l’activation de deux pathogènes activés par les PC, l’un viral et l’autre bactérien. Dans un second temps, l’utilisation de shRNA sur un modèle de macrophages en culture NR8383 et du modèle de souris où PC1/3 est inactivée ont permis de déterminer les conséquences physiologiques et moléculaires de l’inactivation de PC1/3 au sein des macrophages grâce au développement d’une approche par spectrométrie de masse. L’approche par spectrométrie de masse s’est avérée être un catalyseur dans cette recherche et a pu être appliquée à l’étude de tissus de patientes atteintes du cancer de l’ovaire, démontrant ainsi tous les avantages de cet outil. En somme, les résultats de cette thèse montrent la faisabilité d’inhiber les PC pour contrôler les infections et ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives sur le contrôle de l’immunité en établissant les bases moléculaires du rôle de PC1/3 dans le maintien de l’homéostasie immunitaire. / The proprotein convertases (PCs) are important enzymes mainly involved in the activation of protein precursors into the cell secretory pathway. This critical activation step that generates various biologically active polypeptides makes the PCs a cornerstone in a variety of biological process, including the neuroendocrine system. However, the PCs are described as very special players during infection, since they both activate various pathogens and control the immune response they induce. This thesis presents the development of a PCs peptide inhibitor for therapeutic purposes against pathogens and examines the role of PC1/3, which is mainly associated with the neuroendocrine system, in the control of the immune response in macrophages. As a first step, the PC inhibitor has been optimized by a peptidomimetic approach to block pathogens activation by PC for both a viral pathogen and a bacterial pathogen. In a second step, gene expression control tools have been used (shRNA) on a macrophage NR8383 cell line combined with the use of PC1/3 inactivated mouse (KO) to determine the physiological and molecular consequences of PC1/3 inactivation in macrophages by the mean of mass spectrometry approaches. The mass spectrometry approaches were proven to be a catalyst in this research and were further applied on ovarian cancer tissues studies, demonstrating the benefits of these tools. Overall, the results of this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of inhibiting PC to control infections and establish new avenues to modulate immunity by laying the foundations of PC1/3 molecular functions in the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
9

Rôle des lymphocytes T régulateurs humains dans l'échappement de la maladie associée à l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C / Role of human regulatory T lymphocytes in the escape of liver disease related to hepatits C viral infection

Ouaguia, Laurissa 16 October 2015 (has links)
L’hépatite C est une pathologie hépatique caractérisée par un risque élevé de chronicité. Notre équipe a montré l’implication des lymphocytes T régulateurs naturels (Treg) et induits (iTreg) dans l’aggravation de cette pathologie. Cependant, l’impact direct du VHC sur ces 2 populations reste mal connu. Notre hypothèse est que le VHC pourrait aggraver l’environnement immunosuppresseur (i) en potentialisant le phénotype des Treg, (ii) en augmentant leur activité suppressive, (iii) en favorisant leur recrutement intra-hépatique et (iv) en induisant l’émergence d’iTreg. Dans la première partie de ma thèse, j’ai pu mettre confirmer une augmentation de la prévalence intrahépatique des Treg et des iTreg, corrélée à la progression de l’hépatite C vers le carcinome hépatocellulaire, chez un patient chroniquement infecté et suivi pendant 18 ans.Dans une deuxième partie, j’ai pu montrer que le VHC était capable (i) d’internaliser les Treg humains, (ii) de potentialiser leur phénotype régulateur, (iii) d’accroitre leur fonction suppressive, (iv) d’induire leur prolifération et la sécrétion de nombreux facteurs proinflammatoires, pouvant favoriser la chronicité de la maladie. Nous avons également suggéré que le VHC pourrait favoriser le recrutement intrahépatique des Treg.Dans la troisième partie, j’ai montré que le VHC favorisait l’émergence des iTreg, capables de supprimer la prolifération des cellules immunitaires, à partir des Tconv.Ces travaux montrent pour la première fois que le VHC pourrait favoriser l’instauration d’un microenvironnement immunosuppresseur et pourrait ainsi contribuer à la progression de la pathologie et à son l’échappement au système immunitaire. / Hepatitis C is characterized by a high risk of chronicity. Our team described the involvement of natural and induced regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg and iTreg) in the worsening of the disease. However, the specific impact of HCV on these 2 regulatory populations remains unclear. Our hypothesis is that HCV worsens the immunosuppressive environment by (i) promoting intrahepatic recruitment of Treg, (ii) increasing their suppressive phenotype and activity, and (iii) inducing the emergence of iTreg.In the first part of my thesis, I showed an increased intrahepatic frequency of Treg and iTreg correlated to the worsening of hepatitis C into cancer in a patient.In the second part, I showed for the first time that HCV was able (i) to internalize human Treg, (ii) potentiate their regulatory phenotype, (iii) increase their suppressive function, (iv) stimulate their proliferation and (v) induce the secretion of proinflammatory factors that can promote disease chronicity. I also showed that HCV increases the intrahepatic recruitment of Treg.In the third part, I showed that HCV can promote the emergence of iTreg which can efficiently suppress the immune response.My findings suggest that HCV promotes the intrahepatic recruitment of Treg cells, increases their regulatory phenotype and potentiates their suppressive activity. Very interestingly, I’ve also showed that HCV uptakes may promote hepatic inflammation by Treg cells. Finally, HCV seems to favor the emergence of induced regulatory cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that HCV increases the hepatic immunosuppressive environment and this may explain, at least partly, how the HCV escapes from the immune response.
10

Étude de l'immunité intestinale de la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) et perspectives de modulation par des additifs alimentaires : approches cellulaires et moléculaires / Study of intestinal immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and potential for its modulation using feed additives : cellular and molecular approaches

Martin, Ève 23 October 2013 (has links)
L'impact de la nutrition sur l'immunité intestinale de la truite arc-en-ciel est encore mal connu. C'est pourquoi cette thèse avait pour objectifs de mieux caractériser son système immunitaire intestinal et d'évaluer les possibilités de modulation de la réponse immune intestinale par l'ajout de nucléotides libres dans son alimentation. Nos résultats indiquent que les phagocytes intestinaux présentent une activité de phagocytose plus faible que ceux du rein antérieur. La cytotoxicité naturelle mesurée au niveau intestinal est deux fois plus élevée que celle du rein antérieur et cette observation est corrélée à une augmentation du transcrit codant NKEF (Natural Killer Enhancement Factor). Nous avons également montré que les lymphocytes intestinaux ne répondent pas à une stimulation mitogénique in vitro et que ceci n'est pas due à l'apoptose des cellules. Une forte expression des transcrits codant CD8a et CD3 a été détectée dans les leucocytes intestinaux, ce qui suggère une importante proportion de lymphocytes T exprimant la forme homodimérique aa de CD8 dans ce tissu. Enfin, nous avons montré que l'ajout de nucléotides libres à l'alimentation de truites saines stimule la prolifération spontanée ainsi que la phagocytose des leucocytes intestinaux in vitro. Par contre, aucune modulation de la cytotoxicité naturelle ou de l'expression des transcrits codant les marqueurs spécifiques des lymphocytes T et B et les cytokines inflammatoires n'a été observée. Il serait à présent intéressant de renouveler ces essais en utilisant des poissons infectés afin de pouvoir observer l'effet des nucléotides sur la réponse inflammatoire et sur la réponse spécifique / The impact of nutrition on rainbow trout intestinal immunity, a farmed fish with high economic value, remains unclear. Consequently, the objectives of this thesis were to better characterize the intestinal immune system of that fish and to determine if it is possible to modulate its intestinal immune response by dietary free nucleotides. Our results show that intestinal phagocytes are less activated by yeast cells but when they are activated they can ingest as many yeast cells as their head kidney (HK) counterparts. We noted that the natural cytotoxic activity of intestinal leukocytes is twice higher than the one of HK leukocytes. This natural cytotoxic activity is correlated with an increase of transcripts encoding the natural killer enhancement factor (NKEF). Intestinal leukocytes did not respond to an in vitro mitogenic stimulation. This lack of response is not due to apoptosis. We also observed a high expression of CD8a and CD3 transcripts in gut leukocytes, suggesting that the intestine could contain a high proportion of T cells expressing the aa homodimeric form of CD8. Finally, we observed that dietary free nucleotides stimulate the spontaneous proliferation and the phagocytic activity of intestinal leucocytes in vitro. However, they did not modulate natural cytotoxicity activity nor did they affect the amounts of transcripts encoding specific markers of T and B lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines. In the future, it will be interesting to repeat these experiments using infected fish in order to study the effect of nucleotides on the inflammatory and specific immune responses

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