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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Changes in gene expression during human prostate epithelial cell differentiation

Alam, Tahirah January 2007 (has links)
The prostate is the most common site of disease in the human male. An understanding of its normal growth and development is required in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of prostatic diseases, namely benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate carcinoma. The prostate epithelium consists of three distinct cells types: basal, luminal and neuroendocrine cells. Several authors have postulated that there is a putative stem cell population in the prostate epithelium that gives rise to all three of these cell types. The stem cells are thought to reside in the basal cell layer and upon cell division give rise to an intermediate, transit amplifying (TA) cell. TA cells undergo rapid proliferation before undergoing terminal differentiation into a luminal or neuroendocrine cell. Despite accumulating evidence for the existence of prostatic stem cells, the regulation of cell growth and differentiation in the normal and diseased prostate is poorly understood. The aims of this research project are to identify genes that are involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation in the normal human prostate. As a model for investigating epithelial cell differentiation, a conditionally immortalised prostate epithelial cell line was employed. BPH cells were conditionally immortalised using a SV40 construct containing the large T antigen to give rise to the prostate epithelial cell line PrE2.8 (Daly-Burns et al., in preparation). These cells exhibit a basal phenotype at the permissive temperature of 33 C and are highly proliferative. When switched to 39 C, growth of the PrE2.8 cells is inhibited and they begin to differentiate. Using the differential display technique and microarray analysis, changes in gene expression between a proliferative and a non-proliferative phenotype were investigated. The protein expression of genes of interest were then confirmed in prostate tissue using immunohistochemistry. These genes may represent early markers of prostate epithelial cell differentiation and may also play a role in the progression of BPH and prostate cancer.
2

Purinergic signalling in the genito-urinary tract

Banks, Frederick Caspar Lund January 2006 (has links)
The main objective of this thesis was to examine the role of purinergic signalling in the contraction of the smooth muscle of the genito-urinary tract of laboratory animals and compare it to that of man. It also examined purinergic signalling in the maturation of sperm within the epididymis. The main methodology involved organ bath studies on the functional physiology of smooth muscle contraction, in conjunction with immunohistochemical examination of smooth muscle P2X receptor expression. In Chapter 3, a comparative study of the smooth muscle cells of the testicular capsule or tunica albuginea of the testis from man, mouse, rat and rabbit was made. The smooth muscle cell arrangement was demonstrated by electron microscopy, and the role of purinergic co-transmission in the contraction of this smooth muscle was investigated. Chapter 4 examined purinergic signalling in the contraction of the human vas deferens smooth muscle. P2X receptors are involved in cell-to-cell signalling. Chapter 5 was a comparative study of the expression of P2X receptors on sperm contained within the head and tail of the epididymides of mice, rats, hamsters and man. This study demonstrated changing expression with maturity. Alterations in the relative purinergic and cholinergic components of detrusor contraction have been demonstrated in the over active bladder. Chapter 6 details the partial bladder outlet obstruction model that was developed in the rat. This model demonstrated an up-regulation of the cholinergic component of detrusor contraction with no significant change in the purinergic component, which implied the rat detrusor adapts to outflow obstruction in a different manner to the human detrusor. In Chapter 7, a general discussion of the role of purinergic signalling in the genito-urinary tract is given. The extent of how well the hypothesis was tested is considered in this chapter and future directions are suggested.
3

Investigation of TSGA10 gene expression, localisation and protein interaction in human and mouse spermatogenesis

Benham, Babak January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
4

An investigation into agents that affect sperm motility

Bains, Ranjit K. January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
5

The physiology and 5-HT pharmacology of spinal sympathetic mechanisms regulating ejaculation

Stafford, Stuart Austin January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
6

Sperm ubiquitination and the effects of ageing on sperm nuclear and mitochondrial DNA

Dalzell, L. H. January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
7

A role for Id2 in maintenance of sertoli and germ cell function in murine spermatogenesis

Alcock, Joëlle January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
8

Effects of dietary phytoestrogens on spermatogenesis and sperm function

West, M. January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
9

Ο ρόλος του οξειδωτικού στρες στην υπογονιμότητα σε ασθενείς με κιρσοκήλη

Κάβουρας, Αδαμάντιος 19 April 2010 (has links)
Το 15-20% των ζευγαριών αντιμετωπίζουν προβλήματα τεκνοποίησης, με την υπογονιμότητα να ορίζεται ως η αδυναμία σύλληψης μετά από ένα έτος συχνών σεξουαλικών επαφών χωρίς τη χρήση αντισυλληπτικών μεθόδων. Η κιρσοκήλη αποτελεί τη συχνότερη διορθώσιμη αιτία ανδρικής υπογονιμότητας. Η επίπτωσή της στο γενικό πληθυσμό κυμαίνεται στο 10-15%, ενώ στους υπογόνιμους άνδρες στο 30%. Ορίζεται ως η παθολογική κιρσοειδής ανεύρυνση του οσχεϊκού τμήματος των φλεβών του σπερματικού τόνου (ελικοειδούς πλέγματος) και εμφανίζεται εκλεκτικότερα αριστερά. Ο ακριβής μηχανισμός με τον οποίο επηρεάζει τη σπερματογένεση δεν είναι πλήρως διευκρινισμένος. Ιδιαίτερο ρόλο, σύμφωνα με πρόσφατες έρευνες, φαίνεται να διαδραματίζει το οξειδωτικό stress. Αυτό προκύπτει από ανισσοροπία μεταξύ παραγωγής Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) και επαρκούς εξουδετέρωσής τους από αντιοξειδωτικούς μηχανισμούς. Το οξειδωτικό stress πηγάζει από πολυάριθμες πηγές δημιουργίας στο ανδρικό αναπαραγωγικό σύστημα και προκαλεί υπογονιμότητα με δύο βασικούς μηχανισμούς: 1) Βλάβη στο DNA των σπρματοζωαρίων 2) Βλάβη στη μεμβράνη των σπρματοζωαρίων. Η αιτιολογία της αύξησης του οξειδωτικού στρες σε σχέση με τη κιρσοκήλη παραμένει αδιευκρίνιστη (ενοχοποιούνται κυτταροκίνες, το ΝΟ, η λεπτίνη κ.α.). Υπάρχουν διάφοροι μέθοδοι προσδιορισμού της οξειδωτικής βλάβης τόσο στη φλεβική κυκλοφορία όσο και στο σπέρμα, χωρίς ωστόσο να αποτελούν εξετάσεις ρουτίνας στα ανδρολογικά εργαστήρια. Από τους in vivo χρησιμοποιούμενους αντιοξειδωτικούς παράγοντες σημαντικότεροι είναι η Βιταμίνη Ε, C και το Coenzyme Q-10. Βελτιώνουν την ποιότητα του σπέρματος, ενώ είναι λιγότερο εμφανές κατά πόσο οδηγούν και σε αύξηση του ποσοστού των κυήσεων. Η περαιτέρω κατανόηση του ρόλου του οξειδωτικού stress έχει να προσφέρει πολλά στην ακριβέστερη γνώση των μοριακών μηχανισμών με τους οποίους η κιρσοκήλη οδηγεί σε υπογονιμότητα. Αυτό είναι απαραίτητο για να μπορέσουμε μελλοντικά αφενός να προβλέπουμε τις πιθανότητες αποκατάστασης της γονιμότητας μετά τη χειρουργική αντιμετώπιση και αφετέρου να ανευρεθεί ο τρόπος με τον οποίο οι εναλλακτικοί-επικουρικοί τρόποι θεραπείας (π.χ. η χορήγηση αντιοξειδωτικών συμπληρωμάτων) θα έχουν το βέλτιστο αποτέλεσμα. / 15-20% of the couples face the problem of fertility. Infertility is the incapability of conception, after one year of frequent trying without using any means of contraception. Varicocele is the most frequent curable reason of male infertility. It is found in the 10-15% of general population and in the 30% of infertile men.It is an abnormal enlargement of the vein that is in the scrotum draining the testicles. Varicole causes infertility in a way that it is not completely understood. According to recent studies, oxidative stress seems to play an important role. Oxidative stress is due to the imbalance between production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and antioxidant mechanisms. It causes infertility with 2 basical ways:1)Damage in the DNA of sperm 2)Damage in their membrane. It is not known the way by which oxidative stress is induced in patients with varicocele (maybe IL-1,leptin or NO are responsible). There are several ways of measuring oxidative stress in sperm. However they cannot be used in everyday practice. Vitamin E,C and Coenzyme Q-10 are the most widely used in vivo antioxidant supplements. Although they make better the sperm parameters they don't rise ,for sure, the rate of pregnancy. The better knowledge,in the future, of the role of oxidative stress in patients with varicocole can help finding the way by which means of cure such as antioxidant supplements can have the best result.

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