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This thesis is concerned with dynamic and transient analysis of MSF desalination plants. The technique is developed using artificial neural networks (ANN) approach for the purpose of prediction, analysis, modelling, and control of MSF desalination plant. The applicability of the method to predict an approximation of the transient operating conditions as well as the control action are shown satisfactory. The network architecture and learning algorithm are developed based on the Multilayered Feed forward Networks (MFN) with the Back Propagation (BP) learning algorithm. It was shown that the approach could intelligently capture the dynamics of the system. An improved technique is developed for the BP learning algorithm based on Global Error Node Evaluation (GENE) approach for MFN to retains the function approximation requirements for a nonlinear dynamic behaviour. However, by using this approach considerable improvement for the generalization capability could be obtained for the case study under consideration. The technique provides the necessary dynamic learning, behaviour required for MFN. This approach appears to be effective for the input - output dynamic modelling of complex process systems and therefore on-line adaptation is possible (when the characteristic of the system is changing or when more test data are available for another operating range). The developed algorithm is used for the development and validation of an empirical multi-controller structure for MSF desalination plant. Satisfactory results are obtained from practical examples with the additional training ability.

The thesis explores the extent to which interpretive techniques can improve our understanding of the impacts of information systems. Two themes are explored: the capacity of interpretive techniques to evaluate information systems' impacts from within the work context, and the extent to which the process emphasis of the interpretive approach can facilitate learning about information systems and their impacts. The thesis proposes that the impacts of information systems comprise a combination of known or anticipated phenomena and emergent phenomena that cannot be wholly predicted in advance and argues that the value of an information system lies in its effective use, which in turn depends upon its being understood by its users and assimilated into their work. Support for this proposal is provided from the literature and through evaluation of the impacts of the National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS) on fingerprint work in England and Wales. Deep insight into NAFIS and fingerprint work are provided by the use of Repertory Grid Analysis (RGA) as a content-free data gathering technique, used within the interpretive framework proposed by Walsham (1993). The data generated by RGA are analysed using the protocols proposed by Thomas and Harri-Augstein (1985) which support what they call "self-organised learning". In this way, RGA is used to facilitate learning through evaluation, enabling participants to learn to benefit from information systems. The RGA process and outcomes are described in detail. The contribution of the RGA data to the interpretive approach is discussed and the results compared with those arising from a more orthodox evaluation ofNAFIS. The results demonstrate that orthodox evaluation techniques underestimate the value of an information system by failing to assess the significance of many of the issues and concerns that emerge as it is assimilated into the work setting. The research is shown to have contributed to the evaluation of NAFIS, directly impacting the work of a wide range of users and managers in the fingerprint, police and wider criminal justice communities. The results are also shown to be generalisable to other organisational settings and therefore having implications for both the information systems and wider evaluation communities.

The impact of the Intranet on knowledge management within an Omani organisational context is investigated. The main purpose is twofold, to investigate the use, benefit and impact of the Intranet on Omani organisations and to identify factors that make organisations successful in using an Intranet. A quantitative survey is used as the main data collecting method, however, some qualitative means are used in each of two mini case studies to test the validity of the proposed model and inform a detailed case study. Using the strategy of multiple paradigms, the robustness of the results is shown to be increased and cross-validation is achieved. A number of statistical techniques such as descriptive statistic, Speraman correlation and regression are used to derive to the results. While most of the participants report the benefits from the use of the Intranet for their organisations in managing organisational knowledge, it is shown that currently Omani companies' experience is mostly limited to explicit knowledge. Furthermore, the empirical findings clearly link success with positive interaction between IT staff training, management support, availability of funds, user participation and organisational culture factors. The results of logistic regression analysis suggest that 89% of the variation in the level of Intranet usagew ithin Omanic ompaniesis attributedt o thesef actors. The model presented not only gives a description of the use and benefits of the Intranet within Omani organisations but offers a prescription of the factors that need to be considered in the implementation of the Intranet and the consequent utilisation of the technology to its full potential. The factors are of great importance, particularly to practitioners hoping to change the attitudes and the behaviour of employees who are reluctant to actively participate in the acquisition and exchange of knowledge. In the adopting and implementing Intranet based strategies for knowledge management in Oman, it is vital that these factors are considered.Practitioners and researchers alike will benefit from the results obtained. Researchers may benefit from the theoretical framework, which may form the basis for further empirical research. In addition, practitioners have gained models to guide them in implementing and using the Intranet to manage knowledge, the most valuable resource available to ensure organisational success.