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This thesis deals with economic tools for the analysis of eco-labelling and its effects on the market. We, first, present an extensive revision of the literature, summarising the discussion in the different organisations of the international fora, and identifying the main areas of research. Second, we revise and apply the hedonic method to study the demand for fair trade/organic coffee, estimating that, ceteris paribus, the presence of the 'green' characteristic will increase the price of an average grade of coffee by 11.26%. This information is combined with the Quantity Based Demand System (QBDS) model -- later compared with the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) -- to calculate the own and cross demand elasticities. The results show that the demand for fair trade/organic coffee is more sensitive to changes in prices than the demand for regular coffee or tea, i.e. the own price elasticity of demand is higher. Hence, any demand side policy is expected to have a greater impact on the demand for fair trade/organic coffee than on the demand for regular coffee and tea. The AIDS model is later applied to the tyre market in Hungary. Third, a theoretical framework for the study of the effect that labelling schemes have on the supply side of the market is introduced. Additionally, some interesting information on fair trade coffee supply is presented. Finally, the thesis provides a technique to analyse the effects and outcomes of different economic policies, such as taxes or subsidies. The technique is applied to a policy designed to promote fair trade/organic coffee; a subsidy for the production of fair trade/organic coffee in producing countries that is financed by small taxes on regular coffee and tea consumption in the UK. The technique is further tested on the case of the tyre market in Hungary.

Researching into the packaging waste produced at supermarkets was initiated by establishing the rising problems with the lack of availability of suitable landfill sites within the UK. Other possible options have to be investigated to establish recycling and re-use rather than sending waste to landfill.

Η εργασία αυτή έχει ως σκοπό να αναπτύξει το ρόλο της συσκευασίας και τα χαρακτηριστικά της, καθώς και την σημασία αυτής για τους καταναλωτές. Ειδικότερα στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο, αναλύονται τα βασικά στοιχεία που αφορούν την συσκευασία των προϊόντων, ο ρόλος της καθώς και η διαδικασία σχεδιασμού αυτής. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο, αναφέρονται οι αρχές και οι λειτουργίες της συσκευασίας. Στη συνέχεια, στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο, παρουσιάζονται τα χαρακτηριστικά της συσκευασίας, όπως επίσης και τα σημεία ώστε να είναι επιτυχημένη μια συσκευασία. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο της εργασίας, αναπτύσσονται στοιχεία που αφορούν τη σχεδίαση της συσκευασίας και τις «νέες» συσκευασίες. Επιπρόσθετα, στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο, αναλύονται όλα τα στοιχεία τα οποία θα πρέπει να αναγράφονται στην συσκευασία και παρουσιάζονται κάποια ζητήματα σχετικά με την ανάπτυξη της. Τέλος, διεξήχθη μελέτη στην Αττική Μελισσοκομική Εταιρεία, με σκοπό την αναγραφή του σήματος «e» στις συσκευασίες των προϊόντων ώστε να διασφαλισθεί η ποιότητα και η αξιοπιστία της εταιρείας. / This thesis aims to develop the role of the packaging and its features, as well as the importance of, for the consumers. Especially in the first chapter, analyzing the key elements relating to product packaging, the role and the design process of this. In the second chapter, it been referred to the authorities and functions of packaging. Then, in the third chapter, the characteristics of the packaging were analyzed, as well as the points to be a successful package. In the fourth chapter of the thesis, was developed evidence concerning the design of the packaging and the "new" packaging. Additionally, in the fifth chapter, analyze all the elements that should be listed on the packaging and presented some issues on the development. Finally, a study was conducted in Attiki Company, in order to indicate the signal «e» on product packaging to ensure the quality and reliability of the company.