Two different concepts and design procedures namely settlement reducing piles and piled raft foundations have been studied independently in this thesis. A laboratory study is conducted on model rafts with differing number of model settlement reducing piles. Pile length, pile diameter, type of soil and size of raft are kept constant and settlements are measured under sustained loading. Remolded kaolin is consolidated under controlled stresses before tests are performed in model boxes. The tests are conducted under two sustained loadings of 75 kPa and 40 kPa. 0(raft), 16 and 49 number of piles are used. During the tests, all of the skin friction is mobilized. Several tests are conducted for each combination to see the variability. It is concluded that increasing the pile number beyond an optimum value is inefficient as far as the amount of settlement is considered. Also an analytical procedure has been followed to calculate settlements with increasing number of piles. In the second part of this thesis, finite element analyse have been performed on a piled raft foundation model, using Plaxis 3D Foundation Engineering software. This analyse are supported with analytical methods. The piled raft model is loaded with 450 kPa raft pressure. The studies are conducted in two sets in which different pile lengths are used / 25 m and 30 m respectively. The numbers of piles are increased from 63 to 143. All other parameters are kept constant. The results showed that again an optimum number of piles will be sufficient to reduce the settlement to the acceptable level. The analytical methods indicate a similar behavior. The comparison and results are presented in the study.

Informality has been a widespread fact in most of developing countries. Especially after the implementation of liberalization policies in the 1980s, informal sector has expanded, and informal employment has been more attractive in the Turkish economy. The aim of this thesis is to examine whether there is wage gap between formal and informal employment in Turkey for the years 2007 and 2008. In order to test if the determinants of wages are different, selection corrected wage equations are estimated for manufacturing and service sectors for men and women separately by using the Household Labor Force Survey micro level data of TURKSTAT. We also estimated Multinomial Logit model in order to be able to take the sector selection process into account. According to our estimation results, there was a significant wage gap between formal and informal employment in Turkey for the years 2007 and 2008, even after controlling for a number of individual-specific characteristics. This indicates the existence of the segmented labor market in terms of wages in Turkey, as it is asserted by the number of researchers arguing against the neo-classical labor market theory.

Designing with Limit Equilibrium Methods involve a factor of safety (FS) in order to maintain the stability and to keep the resisting structure away from limit state on the safe side. Finite Element Program (such as Plaxis) on the other hand, instead of an FS, reduces the shear strength of the soil by introducing a reduction factor that is applied to tan

This dissertation presents a critical analysis of literary texts that recount fully or briefly the life and legend of King Numa Pompilius. Focusing on the 'Golden Age', it comprises the Numan accounts of Cicero, Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Ovid. These authors lived at a time when Rome was trying to reconcile for herself and for her subjects the price of her military world domination with the belief in her foreordained supremacy. This reconciliation was to be achieved by a reacquaintance with the Roman ancestral values whose observance had merited Rome her dominion and whose neglect had driven the state to civil war. The question of Roman national identity is at the heart of the Numan accounts of the chosen prose-writers. In his portrayal of Numa, who combines the civilizing virtues of classical Athens with native Roman virtue, Cicero offers a rebuttal for Greek critics who questioned Rome's supremacy because of her lack of civilizing virtues. Livy investigates the leading causes of Rome's world domination and identifies the national values and institutions that many generations of leaders forged. Numa is one such leader, having established laws, religious rite and a peaceful way of life. Dionysius represents Numa as the Greek ideal of kingship in order to establish for the Greek world the excellence of the Roman national identity founded on Greek virtue. The Numan accounts of Livy and Dionysius, composed in Augustus' principate, do not draw direct parallels between Numa and Augustus, although the narration sometimes suggests a special relevance to Augustan rule. Finally, Ovid, the only poet, recounting traditional Numan tales, offers analogies and allegories of certain Augustan ideas and measures that may be seen to flatter the ruler.

Collapse in soils occur when a partially unstable, partially saturated open fabric under high enough stress causing a metastable structure with large soil suction, or in the presence of a bonding or cementing agent, is allowed to free access to additional water. Such excess water reduces soil suction and weakens or destroys the bonding, this causing shear failure at the interaggregate or intergranular contacts, consequently, the soil collapses. In this study, the collapsible soils found in the &Ccedil / ayirhan Thermal Power Plant area has been stabilized by using the desulphogypsum, and fly ash obtained from the &Ccedil / ayirhan Thermal Power Plant. An extensive laboratory testing program has been undertaken to provide information on the geotechnical properties of collapsible soil treated by &Ccedil / ayirhan fly ash and desulphogypsum. At the end of the test program, it has been seen that the collapsible soil (compacted) can be stabilized by adding fly ash and desulphogypsum. Although a significant change on the collapse potential was not observed when fly ash and desulphogypsum added samples were compared with compacted sample without stabilization, but there is an increase in unconfined compressive strength values due to stabilization.

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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / Este trabajo trata de forma analítica la posesión de derechos regulada en el Código Civil chileno, dilucidando las principales dificultades teóricas que presenta este tema para la doctrina nacional y comparada, en cuanto a la amplitud del concepto de cosa incorporal para el ordenamiento jurídico civil, la conformación de un concepto de posesión de derechos, con sus características y rasgos esenciales, y finalmente la susceptibilidad de posesión de cada categoría de derecho a la luz de los argumentos que se exponen en ella. Se busca, en primer lugar, y al alero del análisis histórico y reinterpretación de la clasificación de las cosas en corporales e incorporales, establecer aquellos derechos que pueden ser categorizados como cosas incorporales. Ello permite dilucidar no solo la construcción teorica de la posesión de derechos (capítulo II), sino también el ámbito de aplicación de ella (capítulo III). En segundo lugar, y habiéndose realizado el estudio de la posesión en general, se expondrán las dos teorías explicativas del fenómeno de la posesión de derechos, con cada uno de sus elementos característicos y las críticas que se les puedan formular al efecto. vi Finalmente, habiendo establecido el marco conceptual de la posesión de derechos, buscará este trabajo responder la pregunta más relevante planteada en la doctrina, a saber, la referida a aquellos derechos susceptibles de posesión, exponiendo al efecto los criterios de inclusión y exclusión de cada uno de ellos

Expansive soils are a worldwide problem that possesses various challenges for civil engineers. With increasing water content, they exhibit excessive volume changes, resulting in large horizontal and vertical stresses to the structures located or buried in these regions. The most common method to minimize this effect is to replace these types of clays around the proposed structure with nonexpansive soils. For the cases needing larger volume of replacement, either sidewalls or the foundations must be designed to cater for the anticipated pressures or a suitable improvement technique shall be applied in place. In this experimental study, it is intended to investigate the possible positive effects of trenches backfilled with granular material such as crushed stone or rock on the improvement of swell parameters of expansive soils. Thin-wall oedometer tests, conventional oedometer tests and larger size tests with moulds were performed on artificially compacted untreated and granular fill treated samples for this purpose. The trenches were modeled by opening a hole with a diameter that satisfies the predicted percent trench content at the center of the soil samples, which was then backfilled with granular material. Modified thin-wall oedometer tests were performed to measure the lateral swell pressures of both untreated and treated samples, whereas the conventional oedometer tests and tests on samples placed in moulds were performed to measure the vertical swell parameters of soils. It was observed that both the vertical swell percentages as well as the lateral swell pressures reduced considerably as the volume of granular material filled trench was increased. The treatment was observed to be more remarkable under the surcharge effect of a light weight structure or a fill placed on top.

A numerical study was performed in order to investigate the effects of base excitation characteristics (peak acceleration amplitude and frequency of the excitation), soil strength and wall flexibility on the dynamic response of cantilever earth-retaining walls. In this study, Plaxis v8.2 dynamic finite element code was used. Previous 1-g shake table tests performed by &Ccedil / ali&amp / #56256 / &amp / #56570 / an (1999) and Yunat&ccedil / i (2003) were used to compare the experimental results with those obtained by finite element analysis. Comparison of experimental and numerical results indicated that the code was capable of predicting the dynamic lateral thrust values and bending moment profiles on the wall stems. In the light of these validation studies, a parametric study was carried on for a configuration that consists of an 8 meters high retaining wall supporting the same height of dry cohesionless backfill. Total and incremental dynamic thrust values, points of application and dimensionless bending moment values were presented together with the results obtained from commonly used pseudo static Mononobe-Okabe method and Steedman-Zeng approaches. According to the finite element analyses results, total dynamic active thrust act at approximately 0.30H above wall base. Base motion frequency becomes an important factor on magnitudes of dynamic active thrust when it approaches to the natural frequency of the system. Significantly high overturning moments were predicted at wall base in this case. It was observed that increasing wall rigidity causes an increase in forces acting on the wall stem during dynamic motion.

In this study, a risk management methodology for the business development phase of a Turkish defense industry firm&rsquo / s projects is proposed. The proposed method is based on the contemporary risk management practices and offers the integration of risk management process on top of existing project management processes in the business development phase, besides being cost effective and applicable. The method suggests a format for a risk management plan with two new sections, results, and compliancy. Furthermore, the method suggests the development of risk response plans prior to the implementation of quantitative risk analysis contrary to the applications in the literature, in order to reduce the size and the complexity of data to be analyzed. The method proposed also benefits from software tools that are easy to use and compatible with the existing project management practices executed in the firm. The method also aims to lead the construction of necessary risk databases that are specific to projects of the firm. The method also discusses the risk management framework under the scope of organizational aspects and decisions. Furthermore, a sample project of the firm is evaluated both with the current method and with the proposed method in order to put forward the advantages of the proposed system over the existing risk management practices of the firm.