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This thesis examined the architecture of medieval lodging ranges in England. The project aim was to contribute to the knowledge of this building type which had received little attention in recent research, resulting in some stagnation of the subject. The thesis begins with a historical context of lodging ranges introducing key themes of late medieval society. To fully understand the building type, the study focused on the architecture of surviving examples and used this to discuss the form, function and use of lodging ranges, as well as contribute to the understanding of the occupants. The function of lodging ranges was a multi-faceted topic, revealing their complex role in constructing social distance, displaying the hierarchy in the retinue and acting a status indicator of the lord and the individual. Studying the remains of lodging ranges contributed to the understanding of the occupants, and it is clear that their military role had been exaggerated in previous studies, partly as a result of inaccurate interpretation of the buildings. The greatest contributor to the discussion has been the remains of lodging ranges themselves; they contained a wealth of information which revealed how they were used, who lived within and what they meant in medieval society.

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THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF PARENT EDUCATION ONTHIRD GRADE CHILDREN&#039 / S SOCIAL SKILLS. THE SAMPLE OF THE STUDY COMPOSED OF 29 THIRD GRADE STUDENTS&#039 / PARENTS. THE 3X3 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WITH TWO TRAINING GROUPS AND ONE CONTROL GROUP AND THREE MEASUREMENTS (PRE, POST AND FOLLOW-UP) WERE USED. THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS RECEIVED A 10 WEEK PARENT EDUCATION WHICH WAS DEVELOPED BY THE RESEARCHER WHILE THE CONTROL GROUP DID NOT RECEIVE ANY TRAINING. IN ORDER TO ASSESS SOCIAL SKILLS OF CHILDREN THE SOCIAL SKILLS RATING SYSTEM-PARENT FORM (SSRS-P) WERE USED. THE RESULTS REVEALED THAT PARENT EDUCATION WHICH INVOLVED FATHERS HAD A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON CHILDREN&#039 / S SELF-CONTROL DIMENSION AND TOTAL SOCIAL SKILLS SCORES IN TERMS OF PARENT PERCEPTION. HOWEVER, CONTRARY OF THE EXPECTATION THE GAIN WAS NOT MAINTAINED AFTER THREE MONTHS FOLLOW-UP. IN ADDITION, FATHER INVOLVED GROUP IMPROVED IN SELF-CONTROL AND RESPONSIBILITY DIMENSION AND FATHER UNINVOLVED GROUP IMPREOVED IN SELF-CONTROL DIMENSION AND TOTAL SCORE OF SOCIAL SKILLS AND THE IMPROVEMENTS MAINTAINED AFTER THREE MONTHS FOLLOW-UP.

Les recherches menées ont pour but d’étudier les processus de mise en place des réseaux castraux ainsi que l’impact des résidences fortifiées sur la mise en place et la gestion des nouveaux territoires seigneuriaux émergents au Moyen Âge.L’inventaire réalisé des sites fortifiés et fossoyés des Xe-XIIIe siècles conservés dans les anciens comtés de Vannes et de Porhoët permet d’éclairer ces questions. L’investissement du pouvoir comtal puis ducal sur le littoral notamment montre ainsi les modalités d’affirmation des grands aristocratiques sur leur territoire. L’émergence de nouveaux lignages est manifeste dès le XIe siècle. En marge des possessions ducales, s’implantent alors des vicomtés majeures : celle de Porhoët au Xe siècle, puis celle de Rohan au XIIe siècle au plus tard. L’émergence de ces deux grandes entités entraînede nombreuses recompositions politiques durant trois siècles et c’est finalement tout le processus d’émergence d’une seigneurie qui peut être perçue au travers de la gestion des fortifications. L’inventaire révèle également la grande multiplicité des sites fossoyés, tant dans leur forme que dans leurs usages. Ceux-ci sont des résidences des lignages nobles qui se multiplient à partir du XIIe siècle et présentent des caractères architecturaux multiples qui sont détaillés ici. Ilsparticipent, à leur échelle, à la gestion et au maillage territorial mis en place par les seigneurs châtelains. La documentation écrite et archéologique, complétée par une analyse cartographique, révèle alors une période de gestation des réseaux, castraux et urbains, avant une stabilisation à partir de la fin du XIIIe siècle. / This research aims to study the establishment process of castral networks and the impact of fortified residences on the establishment and management of new emerging feudal territories in the Middle Ages. The inventory of moated andfortified sites of the Xth to XIIIth centuries, preserved in the former counties of Vannes and Porhoët, sheds light on these questions. The involvement of the power of earls and dukes on the coast shows the affirmation of the great aristocratic manner on their territory. The emergence of new lineages is evident from the XIth century. On the sidelines of the ducalpossessions, then implanted major viscounties : the viscounty of Porhoët during the Xth century, and the viscounty of Rohan, in the XIIth century at the latest. The formation of these two great entities leads to many political realignmentsduring three centuries and it is finally the whole process of emergence of a lordship which can be perceived through the management of fortifications. The inventory also reveals the great multiplicity of moated sites in both their form and their uses. These are the residences of noble lineages that multiply from the XIIth century and have several architectural features, which are detailed here. They participate, to their scale, to management and territory network set up by the lords. Archives and archaeological documentation, completed by a mapping analysis, reveals a period of network gestation, both castraland urban, before a stabilization, starting in the late thirteenth century

Child maltreatment is one of the most severe problems that child mental health experts deal with. Limited studies on this field suggest risk of child maltreatment is higher for children with ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder. There is also great need for investigating child maltreatment and its risk factors in Turkish society. In the present study, with the aim of understanding maternal attitudes and actual practices of discipline styles, qualitative and quantitative analyses were run with 125 children and their mothers. Results indicated that mothers of children with ADHD combined type were more prone to approve physical and verbal punishment as discipline styles, consistently / children with ADHD combined type were more frequently and more severely exposed to both physical and verbal maltreatment. Maternal approval of verbal maltreatment as a discipline style predicted disruptive behaviors of children and disruptive behaviors of children predicted increased v maternal approval and practice of physical punishment as a discipline style. Maternal scores on perception of childhood sexual abuse, emotion focused coping style, personality characteristics, and psychopathologies were found to be predictive for maternal approval and actual practicing of abusive discipline styles. Maternal approval of physical punishment was predictor of child depressive symptoms and it was a mediator between oppositional behaviors and depressive symptoms.

The purpose of the present study is to assess the potential individual characteristics and environmental protective factors that promote academic resilience among impoverished eighth grade elementary school students in Turkey. The sample consisted of 872 (439 girls, 433 boys) students enrolled in 6 low SES inner-city public elementary schools in Ankara. Five instruments, Demographic Data Form, Resilience and Youth Development Module (RYDM), Scholastic Competence Scale (SCS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale (N-SLCS) were used in the present study. Grade point averages (6th, 7th and 8th grades) of students were used as the measure of Academic Achievement. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results of the present study revealed that home high expectations, school caring relationships and high expectations, along with the peer caring relationships were the prominent external protective factors that predicted academic resilience for the adolescents in poverty. Considering the internal protective factors, having positive self-perceptions about one&rsquo / s academic abilities, high educational aspirations, having empathic understanding, internal locus of control and being hopeful for the future were positively linked with the academic resilience of adolescents in poverty. Conversely, the external factors of home caring relationships, community caring relationships and high expectations, and peer high expectations, and internal factor of problem solving ability were negatively linked with academic resilience. These factors seem to be vulnerability factors for impoverished Turkish adolescents although they are generally accepted as the protective ones.

This study aimed at revealing the mediational role of mothers&rsquo / psychological adjustment between mothers&rsquo / parental attitudes and their preschool children&rsquo / s behavioral problems relationship. The participants were 204 married mothers, 64 fathers, 195 chief teachers and 25 assistant teachers of preschool children aged between 1&frac12 / - 5 years-old, who are attending nurseries in different neighborhoods of Ankara. Prior to the main analyses, the reliability analyses of Child Behavior Check List - 1&frac12 / - 5 (CBCL &ndash / 1&frac12 / - 5), and Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF) were conducted. These analyses yielded many significant coefficients, though the strength of the correlations varied from low to high. Following the reliability analyses, Hierarchical Regression Analyses were performed to test the mediational role of mothers&rsquo / psychological adjustment between their parental attitudes and children&rsquo / s internalizing, externalizing, and total behavior problems relationships. For these analyses, the variances accounted for by children&rsquo / s and mothers&rsquo / demographic characteristics were controlled. Results revealed that, &lsquo / Rejection of the Home Making Role&rsquo / measure of PARI and Trait Anxiety measure explained the largest amount of variances while predicting the children&rsquo / s behavioral problems. According to hierarchical regression analyses, rejecting attitudes of mothers significantly associated with children&rsquo / s internalizing, externalizing, and total behavior problems. Moreover, mothers&rsquo / rejecting attitudes significantly associated with their trait anxiety which is in turn associated with children&rsquo / s behavior problems. However, after controlling for the effect of trait anxiety, the relationship between mothers&rsquo / rejecting attitudes and their children&rsquo / s behavior problems was disappeared. Therefore, mothers&rsquo / trait anxiety was found to mediate their rejecting attitudes and preschool children&rsquo / s internalizing, externalizing, and total behavior problems. Results were discussed by referring the relevant literature.