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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The political thought of al-Jahiz with special reference to the question of Khilafa (Imamate) : a chronological approach

El-Attar, Jamal F. January 1996 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to study some of the earliest literary works in classical Arabic Literature, namely those of the Abbäsid man of letters, al-Jähiz (160-250/776-869), that have dealt with the question of caliphate (Imäma), and are concerned with knowing who has the right to rule and the criteria underlying that right. The importance of this research lies in its attempt to reconstruct chronologically al-Jähiz's political works and thought by unfolding the full politico-religious heritage before al-Jähiz in order to understand the forces that had moulded his thought (Islamic, Umawi, °Uthmäni, Muctazili, Khäriji, Shi'i, Hanbali, etc.), and assist any future study of his impact on other political authors. While benefiting from previous studies on al-Jähiz, generalizations that present him as a non-changeable entity have been avoided, in order to reach a more comprehensive judgement and fruitful understanding of al-Jähiz's political philosophy. Thus a detailed analysis of twenty seven extant Jähizian works that span half a century of °Abbäsid polity must precede any global assessment of the broad lines of al-Jähiz's political theory, which has to await the laborious yet indispensible and promising task of tracing the doctrinal constants and variants displayed in al- Jähiz's political thought throughout the varying political eras. Scholars of al-Jähiz are therefore offered a unique opportunity in which the full spectrum of his political thought is re-assembled after detecting the developmental stages and major landmarks followed, by linking them to their respective politico-religious settings and also guided by the chronological markers and contextual pointers that prove that link. My critical examination of al-Jähiz's political literature also aims at unveiling the ideological and political concerns of the `Abbäsid community and caliphate and evaluating al-Jähiz's role in the propagation and shaping of °Abbäsid politics. I have also tried to interpret and account for the phenomenon of the marriage between `history' and `contemporary politics' in al- Jahiz's time, and relate his hostile and tendentious anti-Umayyad position plus his views of the Shia to the growing pro-°Abbäsid historiographic activities, and his special brand of Ftizäl.Much effort has been exerted to extract al-Jähiz's political formula and doctrine by distinguishing his quoted views from his own views. The thesis is also concerned with answering the following questions: What factors underly his pro- Alid and anti-Rafidi output and were they mutually irreconciliable? How do his pro- Alid writings fit in with his pro-`Abbäsidism and fondness for the charismatic Häshimi stock of Quraysh, what influence had this on his initial Basran (`Uthmäni) milieu and how much can be gained from the totality of his heresiographic scanning in understanding the formative period of Muslim sects? Were al-Jähiz's views constantly bound by the necessity to observe the fluctuating interests of the regime or were they capable of sidestepping those pressures? Were his views on Imäma more concerned with the criteria according to which rulership was acquired or with the manner in which it should be practised? A full literature review is given, with an outline of the method and guidelines followed, difficulties incurred and suggestions for further studies on al-Jähiz.
2

The reception of Arab women writers in the West

Al-Ayoubi, Amal January 2006 (has links)
This thesis explores the reception in the Anglophone West of the works of three Arab women writers Nawel el-Saadawi, Hanan al-Shaykh and Sahar Khalifa. The principal methodological tools are drawn from cultural theories of translation, methods that go beyond a narrow technical focus on accuracy and commensurability in translation. The focus is therefore not on textual analysis, but on (1) political events such as the Iranian revolution of 1979, (2) forms of expertise such as academics, critics, reviewers and translators, and (3) ideological trends, primarily Orientalism and feminism, which all affect the success or failure of reception of a translated text in the host culture. The thesis finds that both forms of expertise and political events play important roles in forging a horizon of expectation, primarily among readerships respecting the content of works which are deemed to be interesting. The principal aim of the thesis, however, is to subject the conventional wisdom, which heavily stresses the overwhelming importance of Orientalism in the reception of female Arab writers in the West, to serious scrutiny. To this end, the oeuvre (mostly fiction) of three prominent writers whose reception has been marked by controversies over Orientalism and feminism was chosen. The goal is not to replace the 'Orientalism' thesis with a simplistic feminism thesis: The present argument accepts that Orientalism has played an important role in the reception of the three writers, although in fractured and varied ways. However, I also argue that feminism has played an important and increasing role in literary reception, particularly in the case of Nawal el-Saadawi. The idea is that feminist expectations and concerns, in conjunction with political events, create a 'knowledge vacuum' among readerships which is then filled by particular, relevant texts. In other words, it is inadequate to shoehorn all forms of Western reception into a vague and hydra-like category of Orientalism. However, the argument does not lionize the feminist movement: I show how feminism is marked on the one hand by Orientalism -a standard claim - but also how feminism itself is limited by its concern for gender on the one hand, and forins of political conservatism on the other, especially on controversial issues in Middle East politics, such as Israel / Palestine. I show this last point particularly through my exploration of the reception of the work of Sahar Khalifa. In a broader sense, the thesis aims to indicate how cultural interaction between 'West' and 'East' is more complicated than monolithic and essentialist analyses would have us believe. The idea is to bolster readings of Edward Said which do not fall into this trap. Ultimately, such a reading points beyond the notion of nativism on the one side, and Eurocentrism on the other.
3

Women writers and critics in modern Egypt (1888-1963)

El-Rabie, Mahmoud Bikheet January 1965 (has links)
This thesis deals with the contribution of Egyptian women to modern Arabic literature and literary criticism in the period 1888-1963. It consists of five chapters, an introduotion7 conclusions, biography and a comprehensive list of works written by female writers and critics. The introduction outlines the purpose of the work, why the subject has been chosen, the definition of the term "Egyptian women" and the method in which the research has been conducted. Chapter I surveys the Egyptian feminist movement from its beginnings in the nineteenth century to the present date. Special attention is given to the history and principles of the movement and to the change in the social position of women in both peasant society and the towns. The life of women students at the university and the role played by women's organizations are also discussed. The second chapter treats women poets who are classified according to tendencies. Their poetry is analysed and the distinguishing features discussed. In Chapter III special attention is first given to the didactic-fiction of 'Aishah al-Taimuriyyah who is distinguished by this type of story as well as by being the earliest woman novelist. One small category comprises historical accounts, biographical or otherwise, which are presented as historical novels. The main category, however, is the novels which deal with the feminist movement or which spring directly from it. Chapter IV treats the short story as a distinct form. The principles of the European short story are applied and stress is put on issues connected with marriage and family life. Chapter V discusses women critics whose views are examined in detail and related to the critical trends generally prevalent in Egypt. Reference is occasionally made to early Arabic and modern European criticism. The conclusions recapitulate the main points and stress the findings of the thesis.
4

Hausa Islamic verse : its sources and development prior to 1920

Hiskett, M. January 1969 (has links)
The thesis has four main divisions. Part I describes the religious, cultural and political background against which Hausa Islamic verse arose and proposes certain reasons for its emergence as an important literary genre at the beginning of the period studied - that is from c.1775 to 1920. Part I demonstrates how this verse is dependent upon the pre-existing Islamic literary tradition by relating it both to the general cultural heritage of Islam and to specific works crucial to Islamic education in Hausaland. Part III traces the development of Hausa Islamic verse in relation to the religious, political and social history of the Hausa Islamic community over the period studied. This involves considering the schools of verse which emerged in certain provincial centres in Hausaland - Sokoto, Zaria, Birnin Owari, Kano and Daura - and also other categories of vorne better identified by content than by place of origin. Part IV deals with certain particular aspects of Hausa verse such as metre, prosody, form, style, standards of criticism and appreciation, and the social function of the verse.
5

Poetry in the social and political development of twentieth-century Iraq

Ahrnad, Y. I. S. January 1957 (has links)
Before I deal with the social and political conditions of life and the influence they have had on modern Iraqi poetry, I should like to give a short and general idea of the troubled period of 1900-1918. In this period the Wali was the absolute ruler of the country the vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, and his administration covered internal affairs, including all the economic aspects of life, military service, tribal organisation, police, in short everything apart from foreign affairs which were managed by the central government in Constantinople.
6

Post-revolution Persian verse, with special reference to the poetry of Lahuti Bahar, Arif, Iraj, Ishqi and Parvin

Rahman, M. January 1954 (has links)
The present century is significant for bringing about a national revival throughout Asia. The process has been swift and often revolutionary. Nations, long subjugated, have been stirred to a new sense of freedom. Not only has the awakening produced vast social and political changes, but it also has affected the intellectual life of these nations whose contemporary poetry provides a most vivid expression of this development. When talking of Persian poetry the mind invariably turns first to the richness of its past. Here the reader finds the satisfaction which one seeks in a great classical literature. The grandeur of form, the vigour and freshness of ideas, the subtle artistic ingenuities, the exquisite grace of style and manner - these, and many more attributes, engage the attention. One may take delight in the noble mysticism of Jalalu'd Din Rümi, or find enjoyment in the delicate and colourful passion of Hafiz, or lose oneself in the sweet and cynical pessimism of 'Umar Khayyäm, known to the Western world through the translation of Fitzgerald.
7

Strophic, blank and free verse in modern Arabic literature

Moreh, S. January 1966 (has links)
This thesis deals with the development of form - metre and rhyme - in modern Arabic poetry between 1800 and 1964. It consists of introduction, seven chapters, conclusion and bibliography. The first part of Chapter I surveys the first attempt in Egypt to adopt the strophic form for new uses. The second part deals with the adoption in Syria and Lebanon of Arabic strophic forms and English rhyme schemes and metres in Christian hymnals, school songs, novels and plays and translations from European literature. In Chapter II the activities and achievements of Khalil Muträn and. his efforts to use atrophic form in narrative poetry are surveyed. In the second part, the efforts of al-Aqqäd and al-Mäzini to guide the modern poetic movement in Egypt and to encourage the use of atrophic verse were investigated. In Chapter III, the intellectual currents in the Arab world and America which influenced the Mahjari poets in North America, especially that of the form, diction, and themes of the Arabic Protestant hymns are discussed and also their educational background and to what extent these poets exploited the strophic form used in the nineteenth century and to what extent they succeeded in developing new ones Chapter IV deals with the attempts in the Arab World since 1869, to write blank verse (shi'r mursal) in imitation of English blank verse, especially as a medium for drama and long poems. Chapter V treats the shi'r manthür movement initiated by Aman al-Rihani and Gibran Kahlil Gibran in their attempt to imitate Walt Whitman's free verse and its technique. The last section deals with the poets who wrote shi'r manth-ur in their attempt to copy Western free verse. Chapter VI discusses the experiment of Ahmad Zaki Abushädy to imitate American-English free verse in what he called shi'r hurr and his technique, and the difference between his method and that of those who followed him, which stage continued from 1926 to 1946. Chapter VII deals with the second stage of what was also termed shi'r hurr (1947-1964); the difference between this stage in which a poem is composed in one type of metre, irregular length of lines and irregular rhyme schemes, and that of Abushädy, and the former's being an imitation of the Cowleyan stanza and not free verse. Finally, the use of metre, rhyme, repetition, symbols and mythology and the influence of T. S. Eliot are discussed,
8

Arab conception of poetry as illustrated in Kitab Al Muwazanah Bayna Abi Tammam wal Buhturi

El Kott, A. H. A. January 1950 (has links)
In the third century of the Hegiras there rose to fame two Arab poets who composed in different styles which eventually gave rise to a vigorous controversy. While Abu Tammiam (+ about 230) made abundant use of metaphors (not infrequently far-fetched), similes, antitheses, paronomasia and other literary devices which rendered his style sometimes complicated and obscure, al-Buhturi (+ 284), in contrast, wrote in the conventional way giving his poetry, in the main, a simple and flowing style and a selective diction.
9

Ottoman contributions to Islamic rhetoric

Ferrard, C. G. January 1979 (has links)
One of the critical periods of modern Islamic history was the effort at reform known as the Tanzimat, an attempt to introduce European institutions into the far-flung Ottoman Empire, while at the same time preserve traditional 1·1uslim values. Amongst the various ways this was to affect society, not the least prominent was the introduction of new conceptions of the scope and purpose of literature, which was in turn to involve a departure from the age-long system of rhetoric, as expounded in the schools. The present thesis examines, in particular, works of the two most important authors whose efforts were directed to the achievement of a form of literary Turkish which they held to fill the needs of a modern society. Cevdet Pa~a and Ekrem Bey, although in many respects diametrically opposed to one another, was each, in his own way, to re-examine the subject of rhetoric in an Ottoman context, initiating thereby "the currents which were ultimately to give rise to modern Turkish literature. Detailed examination is paid to the influences underlining the innovations they sought to propagate, and the controversy which this aroused is evaluated in terms of the conservative and modernist tendencies within the changing society.
10

The Sakkwato legacy of Arabic scholarship in verse between 1800-1890

Junaidu, Sambo Wali January 1985 (has links)
This thesis is divided into six chapters, a conclusion, translation and Arabic version of the poems discussed, and 3 appendices. The first chapter traces Arabic literary pursuits and activities in Sakkwato amongst the Fulani prior to 1800. It is traced back to the centuries old tradition of Islamic learning in West Africa in general and Hausaland in particular. Literary and historical sources show the spread of scholarship as having been firmly established in the areas embraced by Hausaland and beyond, where the founder of the Sakkwato Caliphate appeared. It shows an abundance of scholars some of whom travelled as far as Cairo and the Hijaz in search of knowledge and in order to perform the pilgrimage. Some of them eventually returned to Hausaland with a wealth of Arabic knowledge. Parallel to this, scholars like al-Maghili, came from North Africa to West Africa and they visited cities like Kano and Katsina - teaching and preaching. My s-econd chapter deals with the model pattern of the Qur'änic system of education which the Sakkwato scholars received. Chapter three discusses the influence of the Arab poets on the scholar-/poets of Sakkwato. These influences have been traced in particular to pre-Islamic or Islamic poets and the reasons for such influences are extensively surveyed. Chapter four discusses their style. This is based on classical Arabic poetry, governed by the established prosodic metres. The fifth chapter briefly discusses the characteristic features of Sufism and the attitude of the Hausa and Fulani communities towards the Sufis. It concludes with a few examples of the Su-f-1. books which these scholars read. The sixth chapter shows how Arabic poetry has been used to establish contact with the Muslim World outside Sakkwato. It shows how poetry is used to congratulate an ally or to refute an allegation by one's opponents etc. In both such situations Arabic poetry played and still plays a great part, it underlines its importance in the minds of the Sakkwato scholars. In my conclusion an attempt has been made to establish that Arabic language and literature have secured a prominent place of affection and pride among Muslim Hausa and Fulani societies. That has been basically due to the faith of Islam. Many scholars in Hausaland have mastered the Arabic language. They wrote prolifically through it and in it they composed a corpus of good poems in Arabic, representative examples of which have been presented in this thesis. The conclusion also shows the introduction of new themes into the repertoire, which have emerged during and after the age of colonialism in Africa

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