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The Egyptian Strategic Tourism Development Plans are trying to play an increasingly important role in supporting the hoped-for transformation of Egypt's undeveloped areas into world-class tourism destinations. This research investigated the relationship between mass-tourism development and local communities in the southern part of the Red Sea region. It has been undertaken to investigate barriers to change and assess means of promoting local communities' involvement and evaluate roles and values of their participation. The study sought to clarify the conflicts between local communities and government which result from the tourism development structure, which has neglected locals' rights. Consequently, the concept of sustainable tourism development (STD) and the interaction between tourism and environment, economy, society and culture are examined along with in depth analysis of the main characteristics influencing the host community. The investigation aims to understand the range of perception of tourism development stakeholders, so local communities, private sector parties, decision makers and tourism development facilitators such as consultants and NGOs have been investigated. Local communities' opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses have been explored. Under the umbrella of STD a clear vision arises of the existing conditions surrounding local communities, not only in terms of their needs and their problems but also as a means to categorize local communities' customs, intercultural and traditional life style. Recommendations aimed to secure improvements for local communities are discussed through explaining a rationale, standards, policy integration and roles for tourism development stakeholders. It is suggested that by promoting local communities' key factors and using a community-based tourism approach in the study area, local people may be empowered and problems that hinder sustainability may be addressed.

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In a highly influential report written in 1998, The World Bank promoted the idea that a lack of information and knowledge was one of the key barriers to development in the Global South. The hegemonic discursive and financial control upheld by the World Bank and Northern donors continues to generate considerable criticism in development theory and practice. Yet the consequences of the proliferation of knowledge-based development practices into the routine functions of civil society that followed the establishment of the World Bank knowledge paradigm, even where these initiatives have been explicitly designed to be more ‘progressive’, is an area of development discourse and practice that remains under-researched. Using a qualitative, multi-site ethnography to analyse the discursive ‘site’ created by the information flows between and beyond a Northern-based gender information service and their users and recipients in New Delhi, India, this research investigates the function of knowledge-based development aid. Specifically, this study seeks to interrogate the capacity of donor-funded women’s NGOs and networks acting as information intermediaries to promote more positive development outcomes through the production and dissemination of information for a range of development stakeholders in both Northern and Southern contexts, notably those groups marginalised from the dominant development infrastructure. This research suggests that notions of ‘progressive’ knowledge practice are confronted by three main constraints. Firstly, discursive and pedagogical barriers embedded in information and its delivery persists despite mechanisms designed to improve accessibility. Secondly, the production and dissemination of increased volumes of information has become an end in itself, de-linked from their contribution to development outcomes. Finally, actors based in the ‘South’ remain unproblematised in knowledge-based development discourse and practice, thereby obscuring class and educational divides that reinforce inequalities not just between the North and the South but also within and between Southern contexts.

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