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The study examines the ways in which news of the systematic deportation and murder of European Jewry by Nazi Germany was presented and interpreted in a sample of the regional press in Britain.;The main inquiry examines the content of the Manchester Guardian, the Yorkshire Post and Glasgow Herald from January 1942 until June 1943. It does not cover the pre-war period but includes a prologue (1939-41) and epilogue (1943--45) to provide an indication of the kind of coverage available to the regional press at the time.;It also presents a quantitative overview of the range of coverage about Jews/Jewish issues in each of the sample newspapers in order to identify and illustrate the nature and extent of news concerning Jews in Britain, Palestine and Nazi-occupied Europe during the main sample period. An additional content analysis of one newspaper, the Manchester Guardian, is used to assess the 1939--41 and 1943--45 periods and thus provides an overview of the relevant coverage during the entire war period.;The study pays particular attention to the sources of news concerning ghettoisation, executions, deportation, and the systematic mass murder of Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe. It also concentrates on the views and comments of the newspapers in leader columns and readers' letters. An integral part of the discussion is the newspapers' assessment of the official and public reaction to the news of the Nazi extermination programme.;It is found that each of the newspapers were fully aware of the Nazis' intention to murder all Jews under their control by December 1942. They all reported the events that came to be understood as the Holocaust, (some in extraordinary detail) but the Manchester Guardian stood apart because of the consistency of its coverage.

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This doctoral dissertation sets out to examine how the press in Great Britain, Sweden and Finland responded to the Holocaust in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War. The aim of this study is not only to understand what type of meanings the press constructed about the Holocaust as a result of reporting; how the horror of the Holocaust in general, and the role of Jewish suffering in particular was mediated to bystanders in Britain, Sweden and Finland, but importantly, why certain types of representations gained dominance. This thesis will examine to what extent the immediate postwar response to the Holocaust was shaped by universal attitudes towards the victims of Nazi Germany, arising from the sheer horror of what had happened. Second, the study will analyse the extent to which different nations 'domesticated' the Holocaust by framing the story along the lines which suited their own national experiences of the Holocaust and the Second World War. This dissertation attempts to explain how these different views occurred, what they reveal about the wider conceptualisation of the Holocaust within Western cuIture(s), and importantly, how the unprecedented fate of European Jews was seen within the press discourse. . It is believed that interdisciplinary study of this topic, with interdisciplinary research methodologies, brings together the resources necessary for dealing with the problems that the Holocaust and its early representation in the press raises, not least the wider context of news in which the Holocaust was embedded.

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This thesis investigates the background, activities, and motivations of German women who provided administrative support for Nazi institutions and agencies of the Third Reich. It compares women who specifically chose to serve the Nazi cause in voluntary roles with those who took on such work as a progression of established careers. Using a variety of sources, including post-war testimony in criminal cases, it shows how much they knew about the repressive and genocidal aspects of the regime and evaluates the role that ideology, as against other factors, played in their loyalty to their employers. Secretaries, SS-Helferinnen (SS female auxiliaries) and Nachrichtenhelferinnen des Heeres (female communication auxiliaries of the army) held similar jobs: taking dictation, answering telephones, and sending telegrams. Yet their backgrounds differed markedly. While secretaries were habitually recruited on the basis of their prior experience and competencies, the Helferinnen predominantly volunteered, sometimes motivated by ideology and the opportunity to serve their country, sometimes enticed by the prospect of foreign travel or the lure of the uniform. The thesis sheds light on these women's backgrounds: their social status, education, career patterns. It seeks to explain the situations and motives that propelled them into their positions and explores what they knew about the true nature of their work. These women often had access to information about the administration of genocide and are a relatively untapped resource. Their recollections shed light on the lives and work of their superiors, the mundane tasks that contributed to the displacement, deportation and death of millions of people across Europe, and the extent to which information about these atrocities was communicated and comprehended. Attention is paid to the specific role played by gender amongst perpetrators of the Holocaust. The question of how gender intersected with National Socialism, repression, atrocity and genocide forms the conceptual thread linking the separate chapters on these three groups of women who had varied backgrounds and degrees of initial commitment to Nazi ideology.