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Chapter 1 examines the Scottish political context, with particular reference to the apparent trend towards conformity with British political responses. Chapter 2 considers enthusiasm for Fascist solutions in debate on domestic policy during the period 1933-34. Some early pro-German enthusiasts are considered in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 examines the various component parts of pro-Italian and anti-sanctions opinion during the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935-36. The emergence of Germany as a major focus of popular debate and the wave of pro-German comment attending the Rhineland Crisis are considered in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 deals with attitudes to Germany in 1936, when the expression of pro-German opinion in Scotland entered its most popular phase, while Chapter 7 examines one manifestation of enthusiasm during this period, the Anglo-German Fellowship. Enthusiasm for Nationalist Spain in Scotland, and the activities of the two principal vehicles for pro-Nationalist expression, the Friends of National Spain and the United Christian Front, form the subject of Chapter 8. Pro-German attitudes against a background of deteriorating Anglo-German relations in 1937 are considered in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 explores one particular topic in discussion on Anglo-German affairs which attained prominence during 1937, namely the Colonial Question. The main foreign policy debates of 1938, a year which was dominated by attitudes to appeasement, are considered in Chapter 11. The emergence of new and, in the main, more extreme forms of pro-German enthusiasm during 1938-39, and the isolation of the extremists in 1939 are examined in Chapters 12 and 13. A summary of the main points to emerge from this study is offered in the conclusion.

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Upon the death of James V of Scotland on 14- December 1542, Henry VIII of England determined to effect the marriage of his son Edward to Mary Queen of Scots, James' sole heir. He gained the betrothal when the treaties of Greenwich were signed on 1 July 154-3. However, a revolution in Scotland to Scottish annulment of the marage treaty the following December. During the period 1544-45, Henry tried to force the Scots to agree, but despite two major invasions (and countless minor ones), considerable aristocratic dissaffection and a war with the Low Countries, the Scottish regency of the earl of Arran successfully resisted the English attacks. Al though Henry had been thwarted of his g02~, protector Somerset continued the policy, but he pressed the Scots with much more rigour and intelligence than had Henry. After the victory of Pinkie on 10 September 1547, large areas of Scotland were occupied by pel1Jlanent English garrisons (many in freshly constructed artillery forts) and a determined attempt was made so to weaken the Scottish government that it would accept the marriage. Somerset thus hoped to achieve the dynastic union of the two realms and he envisioned a new kingdom of Great Britain. But English military success was too complete, for it forced the Scots to turn to the French. Due to the peace in Europe in 1548, Henry II was able to move from his father's cautious protection of Scottish interests to open ilulitary assistance. In return for the betrothal of Mary to his heir Francis, Henry sent a large army which began in July 1548 to contain the English and then in 1549 to expel them from Scotlanld. Ul timllately the English position collaDsed and by the treaty of Boulogne, 24 Ivlarch 1550, they gave up both their positions still held in Scotland and their claim to the hand of Mary.

In 1802, Edward Fraser of Relig, the Customs Collector in Inverness, commented on the numerous emigrations, especially from the Western Highlands and the Isles, which had taken place from about the year 1770. In his essay, he noted, in particular, the data concerning Roman Catholics who had quit their native soil in numbers far out of proportion to their total within the general population. Fraser suggested as causes: an anti-Catholic bias, conflict between the landowners and the Catholic clergy and the restrictive measures of the Penal Laws. With the above analysis in mind, this thesis seeks to address the specific issue of Roman Catholic emigration from the area in the Highlands known as the "Catholic Bounds", between 1770 - 1810. The fIrst section of the work delineates the "Catholic Bounds", in a geographical and societal sense, with emphasis placed on the leading Catholic families and the ecclesiastical formation of the Highland Vicariate from 1732. The second section concerns the various emigrations which took place from 1772 - 1810. For the sake of clarity, these have been arranged chronologically and geographically, the latter reflecting more the contours of the great estates of, for example, Clanranald or Glengarry, where the majority of the Roman Catholics lived, rather than flXed territorial designations. In order to test the accuracy of Fraser's comments, the underlying reasons for each of these mass removals of people will be noted. The role of the clergy is developed by means of biographical sketches of each of the priests who emigrated with their people, and they form a necessary, and sometimes, a major, component of these chapters. The thesis also seeks to examine the role of the clergy in general, but especially that of the bishops, whether as active participants, instigators or observers.

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