Submitted by ELIANE CARVALHO DOS SANTOS null (elianegeounesp@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-27T16:49:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Eliane.Geo.pdf: 2750787 bytes, checksum: 70d4d66604e42b323f213f1639bcee09 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-29T13:13:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ec_dr_prud.pdf: 2750787 bytes, checksum: 70d4d66604e42b323f213f1639bcee09 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T13:13:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ec_dr_prud.pdf: 2750787 bytes, checksum: 70d4d66604e42b323f213f1639bcee09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-14 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com a crise do fordismo e de suas bases estruturais, foi necessário um amplo processo de reestruturação que está fomentando diferentes trajetórias de superação de sua crise. Nos territórios que buscam superar esse modelo, os agentes sociais empreendem diferentes estratégias, com a implementação de princípios orientados pelo capitalismo flexível que permitem novas configurações nas instituições reguladoras que imprimem novas formas de relações profissionais e novas configurações no modelo de organização industrial. Nessa conformação, as heranças da formação do fordismo deixam os direcionamentos do combate à rigidez, gerando uma combinação específica dos territórios frente à flexibilidade. Isso se repercute no modo de regulação organizado em diferentes escalas, tendo a escala nacional como a principal mediadora dessas transformações entre o local e o global. Diante desse quadro, a proposta desta pesquisa esteve em compreender como as mudanças no modo de regulação nacional, empreendidas com o objetivo de tornar o território brasileiro alinhado com a regulação internacional do capitalismo flexível, tem repercutido no modo de regulação da Região do ABCD paulista, região essa que sempre apresentou um alinhamento com a regulação nacional e por isso sofreu fortemente os impactos da crise do fordismo. Com esse cenário, investigamos a relação entre as mudanças no modo de regulação nacional e o regional, a partir da analise da atuação dos principais agentes – o Estado, o capital e o trabalho – na configuração de um novo modo de regulação flexível nesse território. / With the crisis of Fordism and its structural basis, an extensive process of restructuring that is fueling different paths to overcome its crisis was needed. In the territories that seek to overcome this model, social workers undertake different strategies, with the implementation of principles guided by flexible capitalism that allow new configurations in regulatory institutions that print new forms of professional relationships and new settings in the industrial organization model. In this conformation, the inheritances of the formation of Fordism leave the directions to combat stiffness, generating a specific combination of the territories ahead flexibility. This is reflected in the mode of regulation organized at different scales, and the national level as the main mediator of these changes between the local and the global. Given this situation, the purpose of this research was to understand how changes in national regulatory mode, undertaken with the aim of making Brazil aligned with the international regulation of flexible capitalism, has passed in setting mode of São Paulo ABCD Region, this region that has always been an alignment with national regulation and so strongly suffered the impacts of the crisis of Fordism. With this scenario, we investigated the relationship between changes in the national and regional regulation mode, from the analysis of the performance of the main actors - the state, capital and labor - in setting up a new flexible regulation mode that territory. / FAPESP: 2012/07547-2

Abstract: The complexity of environmental, social, economical, and technological objectives creates a challenge for decision makers when prioritizing the right measures that will move a project or organization toward sustainability at least cost. Currently there are methods or tools available to assist in this decision making and through a strategic approach potentially enhance the process. The focus of this thesis is to evaluate how the quantitative nature of economic detail as a tool which has been informed by a strategic sustainable framework can contribute to the complex decision making process for sustainable development when prioritizing measures. A two- step matrix format is used to represent the proposed approach. The complexity of sustainable development issues for decision makers within Sweden’s energy sector provides a suitable case study to explain this approach. Karlskrona, Sweden district heat was chosen. The results revealed an enhanced decision making process utilizing the proposed approach in district heat thus ensuring organizational and social profitability as defined by, static and dynamic efficiency and equitable allocation. The thesis concludes that the suggested approach has the potential to enhance the decision making process for strategic sustainable development when prioritizing measures in district heat and may be universal in its application in many other sectors. However, further validation of the approach through testing in real life situations is recommended. / <p>+1-248-686-1601 skype in</p>

With increasing model complexity there is a pressing need for new methods that can be used to mine information from large volumes of model results and available data. This work explores strategies to identify and evaluate the causes of discrepancy between models and data related to hydrologic processes, and to increase our knowledge about watershed input-output relationships. In this context, we evaluate the performance of the abcd monthly water balance model for 764 watersheds in the conterminous United States. The work required integration of the Hydro-Climatic Data Network dataset with various kinds of spatial information, and a diagnostic approach to relating model performance with assumptions and characteristics of the basins. The diagnostic process was implemented via classification of watersheds, evaluation of hydrologic signatures and the identification of dominant processes. Knowledge acquired during this process was used to test modifications of the model for hydrologic regions where the performance was "poor".

Nos últimos anos, o desenvolvimento da computação tem auxiliado profissionais da saúde no tratamento, prevenção e diagnóstico de doenças. Um dos grandes desafios do campo tem sido o desenvolvimento de métodos para a discriminação do câncer de pele do tipo melanoma maligno em relação à outras lesões benignas. Para tal, pesquisadores usam técnicas de processamento e análise de imagens, explorando métricas baseadas na regra ABCD, para o desenvolvimento de métodos de diagnóstico de melanoma através de imagens. Enquanto diversos estudos abordam a coloração e textura do melanoma, um tratamento sistemático da irregularidade dos melanomas ainda não foi relatado. O presente trabalho traz um estudo dos fatores que influenciam a discriminação de lesões melanocíticas malignas e benignas, tomando como referência a assimetria das lesões e as irregularidades contidas em sua borda. Foram coletadas 143 imagens de casos clínicos de melanoma maligno, nevos regulares e nevos atípicos. Após tratamentos iniciais das imagens e posterior segmentação das lesões, extraiu-se 52 métricas referentes ao propósito do trabalho. A visualização da projeção LDA das três categorias revelou boa discriminação entre as categorias melanoma com relação as demais, reforçando a premissa original da acentuada irregularidade dos melanomas. Este resultado foi confirmado pela validação cruzada da projeção, com acertos da ordem de 75% para o grupo melanoma e 54% e 40% para os respectivos grupos nevo regular e nevo atípico. Deste resultado prevê-se uma das aplicações do sistema, na discriminação geral entre melanoma dos demais nevos. Para tal, uniu-se os grupos benignos em uma única categoria para a validação cruzada, gerando cálculos de sensibilidade e especificidade da ordem de 90% e 73% respectivamente. Outro importante resultado foi a comparação desses valores com as informações sobre o diâmetro das lesões. Conclui-se que ambas medidas (borda e tamanho) são igualmente relevantes no diagnóstico do melanoma, reflexo da própria patologia do melanoma, na qual acentuam-se ambas características em relação as demais lesões. Porém, a junção de ambas informações num único processamento não melhora a qualidade do diagnóstico, que nos permite prever que possa ser mais vantajoso proceder duas validações distintas com pesos iguais para o diagnóstico final. Por fim, um teste realizado com clínicos gerais e especialistas em melanoma revelou uma importante contribuição do método no auxílio de triagens ambulatoriais de casos suspeitos, principalmente para médicos com baixa ou nenhuma experiência em diagnóstico de melanoma. / Recent development in computer science have helped health professionals in the heath area in the treatment, prevention and diagnostic of illnesses. One of the leading challenges in this field has been the development of methods for the skin cancer discrimination between the types of malignant melanoma in relation to other benign lesions. For this, researchers have been using techniques of image processing and analysis, exploring metrics based on the ABCD rule, to the development of methods of diagnostic of melanoma through images. While plenty of studies are about the color and texture of the melanoma, a systematic treatment of the irregularity of the melanoma has not been reported yet. The present work presents a study of the factors which influence the discrimination among the malignant melanocytic and benign lesions, having as a reference the asymmetry of the lesions and the irregularities in their edges. It was collected 143 images of clinic cases of malignant melanoma, regular nevus and atypical nevus. After initial treatment of the images, followed by a segmentation of the lesions, it was extracted 52 metrics referent to the purpose of this study. The visualization of the projection LDA in three categories revealed a good discrimination among the categories of melanoma in relation to the others, reinforcing the original premise of the melanomas´ sharp irregularity. This result was confirmed by the cross-validation of the projection, with successes of 75 % to the melanoma group and 54 %-40 % to the regular nevus group and atypical nevus group, respectively. This result predicts one of the applications of the system in the general discrimination between the melanoma and the other nevus. In this regard, it was joined together the benign groups in one category to the cross-validation, generating calculations of sensibility and specificity of 90 % and 73 % respectively. Another important result was the comparison among these metrics with the information about the diameter of the lesions. It was concluded that both measurements (edges and size) are equally relevant in the diagnostic of the melanoma, reflection of the melanoma´s own pathology, in which both characteristics are enhanced in relation to the other lesions. However, the combination of both measurement in only one processing does not improve the quality of the diagnostic, which allows the prediction that it can be more advantageous to produce two distinct validations with the same weighs to the final diagnostic. To sum up, an accomplished test with doctors who are general practioner and specialists in melanoma revealed a significant contribution in the method to help in the triage of medical consultations in suspicious cases, mainly to doctors with little or no experience in the diagnostic of melanoma.

Nos últimos anos, o desenvolvimento da computação tem auxiliado profissionais da saúde no tratamento, prevenção e diagnóstico de doenças. Um dos grandes desafios do campo tem sido o desenvolvimento de métodos para a discriminação do câncer de pele do tipo melanoma maligno em relação à outras lesões benignas. Para tal, pesquisadores usam técnicas de processamento e análise de imagens, explorando métricas baseadas na regra ABCD, para o desenvolvimento de métodos de diagnóstico de melanoma através de imagens. Enquanto diversos estudos abordam a coloração e textura do melanoma, um tratamento sistemático da irregularidade dos melanomas ainda não foi relatado. O presente trabalho traz um estudo dos fatores que influenciam a discriminação de lesões melanocíticas malignas e benignas, tomando como referência a assimetria das lesões e as irregularidades contidas em sua borda. Foram coletadas 143 imagens de casos clínicos de melanoma maligno, nevos regulares e nevos atípicos. Após tratamentos iniciais das imagens e posterior segmentação das lesões, extraiu-se 52 métricas referentes ao propósito do trabalho. A visualização da projeção LDA das três categorias revelou boa discriminação entre as categorias melanoma com relação as demais, reforçando a premissa original da acentuada irregularidade dos melanomas. Este resultado foi confirmado pela validação cruzada da projeção, com acertos da ordem de 75% para o grupo melanoma e 54% e 40% para os respectivos grupos nevo regular e nevo atípico. Deste resultado prevê-se uma das aplicações do sistema, na discriminação geral entre melanoma dos demais nevos. Para tal, uniu-se os grupos benignos em uma única categoria para a validação cruzada, gerando cálculos de sensibilidade e especificidade da ordem de 90% e 73% respectivamente. Outro importante resultado foi a comparação desses valores com as informações sobre o diâmetro das lesões. Conclui-se que ambas medidas (borda e tamanho) são igualmente relevantes no diagnóstico do melanoma, reflexo da própria patologia do melanoma, na qual acentuam-se ambas características em relação as demais lesões. Porém, a junção de ambas informações num único processamento não melhora a qualidade do diagnóstico, que nos permite prever que possa ser mais vantajoso proceder duas validações distintas com pesos iguais para o diagnóstico final. Por fim, um teste realizado com clínicos gerais e especialistas em melanoma revelou uma importante contribuição do método no auxílio de triagens ambulatoriais de casos suspeitos, principalmente para médicos com baixa ou nenhuma experiência em diagnóstico de melanoma. / Recent development in computer science have helped health professionals in the heath area in the treatment, prevention and diagnostic of illnesses. One of the leading challenges in this field has been the development of methods for the skin cancer discrimination between the types of malignant melanoma in relation to other benign lesions. For this, researchers have been using techniques of image processing and analysis, exploring metrics based on the ABCD rule, to the development of methods of diagnostic of melanoma through images. While plenty of studies are about the color and texture of the melanoma, a systematic treatment of the irregularity of the melanoma has not been reported yet. The present work presents a study of the factors which influence the discrimination among the malignant melanocytic and benign lesions, having as a reference the asymmetry of the lesions and the irregularities in their edges. It was collected 143 images of clinic cases of malignant melanoma, regular nevus and atypical nevus. After initial treatment of the images, followed by a segmentation of the lesions, it was extracted 52 metrics referent to the purpose of this study. The visualization of the projection LDA in three categories revealed a good discrimination among the categories of melanoma in relation to the others, reinforcing the original premise of the melanomas´ sharp irregularity. This result was confirmed by the cross-validation of the projection, with successes of 75 % to the melanoma group and 54 %-40 % to the regular nevus group and atypical nevus group, respectively. This result predicts one of the applications of the system in the general discrimination between the melanoma and the other nevus. In this regard, it was joined together the benign groups in one category to the cross-validation, generating calculations of sensibility and specificity of 90 % and 73 % respectively. Another important result was the comparison among these metrics with the information about the diameter of the lesions. It was concluded that both measurements (edges and size) are equally relevant in the diagnostic of the melanoma, reflection of the melanoma´s own pathology, in which both characteristics are enhanced in relation to the other lesions. However, the combination of both measurement in only one processing does not improve the quality of the diagnostic, which allows the prediction that it can be more advantageous to produce two distinct validations with the same weighs to the final diagnostic. To sum up, an accomplished test with doctors who are general practioner and specialists in melanoma revealed a significant contribution in the method to help in the triage of medical consultations in suspicious cases, mainly to doctors with little or no experience in the diagnostic of melanoma.

The world faces sustainability challenges directly attributable to human behaviour, and expected to irreparably degrade the socio-ecological system. Cartography (mapping) is a diverse planning and communicating discipline used for strategic development of global and local solutions to these challenges. Its flexible yet robust technology can generate common understanding of issues and inspire successful solutions. This thesis studied community mapping, specifically how community mapping practitioners (CMPs) can use community mapping tools (CMTs) more effectively for Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD). Data of current SSD strengths of six CMTs was collected using the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) and 13 interviews with practitioners. Thirty-six Key Elements (KEs) of guidance for CMPs to use CMTs were developed. A Compass Model was designed to interlink the KEs, in eight interrelated categories, with the ABCD Strategic Planning Process (ABCD). The results suggest that CMPs using CMTs combined with an SSD approach have the potential to create effective solutions towards sustainability.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-04T21:39:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amarildo Nogueira.pdf: 2673210 bytes, checksum: 19b1a806563439dc4251b051fc3f9349 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-24 / Esta dissertação avalia quais competências essenciais as empresas de logística possuem e como fazem para mantê-las como seu diferencial no mercado. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa. Inicialmente adotou-se autores como Bloomberg et al. (2002), Bowersox e Closs (2001) Christopher (1997), Lambert et al. (1998), Ballou (1993) que abordam o conceito e a necessidade da logística no ambiente empresarial, Porter (1990) com a explicação da cadeia de valores que contribui para explicar o contexto da logística e autores que tratam sobre conceitos de competências tais como Zarifian (2001), Fleury e Fleury (2004), Resende (2000), Nisembaum (2000), Le Boterf (1994) e Prahalad e Hamel (1990). Em sequência foi realizada pesquisa de campo com representantes de 30 empresas de logística da região do ABCD a partir da aplicação de survey contendo 27 questões fechadas sobre competências logísticas. Os resultados mostraram que as empresas investem nas competências profissionais e individuais como o aspecto principal para desenvolverem suas competências essenciais e organizacionais sendo que a ênfase recai na formação de talentos que conduzem a empresa ao sucesso nas atividades de logística. Acredita-se que estes resultados fornecem um panorama sobre a condução de negócios logísticos com base na prestação de serviço, que depende de competências para criar diferenciais competitivos para o desempenho da logística, principal atividade das empresas pesquisadas.

L'étude des écoulements, réactifs ou non, nécessite la mise en place de méthodes de diagnostics non-intrusives. Les méthodes de diagnostic optiques sont d'excellentes candidates pour répondre à ce type de problématique. Les milieux étudiés sont alors ensemencés de traceurs adaptés. S'ils sont correctement choisis, ces traceurs permettront de caractériser l'écoulement. L'utilisation de l'holographie numérique pour l'étude des écoulements offre un avantage certain par rapport à des méthodes d'imagerie classiques. En effet, elle permet d'accéder aux caractéristiques tridimensionnelles des traceurs utilisés (vitesses, tailles, position). La simplicité du montage optique utilisé pour l'enregistrement holographique rend cette technique particulièrement adaptée à l'étude des écoulements non-confinés tels que les sprays ou les jets. En revanche, dans le cadre de l'étude des écoulements confinés (écoulements canalisés par exemple), l'utilisation de l'holographie (et des méthodes de diagnostic optique en général) nécessite des modifications dans le dispositif expérimental. En effet, dans le cas d'écoulements canalisés, la géométrie cylindrique des canalisations introduit de l'astigmatisme dans le dispositif d'imagerie. Pour pouvoir étudier les écoulements canalisés et prendre en compte l'astigmatisme du montage, un modèle de simulation numérique des hologrammes est mis en place. Ce dernier permet, grâce au formalisme des matrices ABCD, de prendre en compte les paramètres géométriques la canalisation. Les hologrammes ainsi obtenus sont, ensuite, restitués par transformation de Fourier fractionnaire (TF fractionnaire). En effet, cet opérateur est adapté à la restitution des hologrammes enregistrés en lumière astigmate. De plus, il est ici prouvé que la TF fractionnaire permet effectivement de remettre au point sur les images des objets, que ceux-ci soient centrés sur l'axe optique du système ou non. Bien que l'astigmatisme puisse apparaître comme une difficulté à lever, il est possible d'en tirer partie. Ainsi, l'utilisation d'un faisceau référence focalisé dans la canalisation a permis d'isoler, de manière " tout-optique ", une région d'intérêt tridimensionnelle dans l'écoulement à étudier. Cette démarche permet ainsi d'alléger les traitements de restitution des hologrammes et offre la possibilité de sonder des volumes particuliers de l'écoulement. La généralisation de ces approches au cas des écoulements microcanalisés est discutée et appliquée, avec succès, à la visualisation de billes de latex de 5µm de diamètre situées dans un microcanal de 100µm de diamètre interne ou dans une région d'intérêt de dimensions réduites.

Cylindrical dielectric waveguides such as the optical fiber and photonic crystal fiber are very important passive devices in optical communication systems. There are many kinds of commercial software and methods of simulation at present. In this thesis, we proposed the following four methods to analyze arbitrarily profiled cylindrical dielectric waveguides: The first two methods are modified from published work while the last two methods are entirely developed by ourselves. 1. Cylindrical ABCD matrix method: We take the four continuous electromagnetic field components as main variables and derive the exact four-by-four matrix (with Bessel functions) to relate the four field vector within each homogeneous layer. The electromagnetic field components of the inner and outer layer can propagate toward one of the selected interface of our choice by using the method of ABCD matrix. We can then solve for the £]-value of the waveguide mode with this nonlinear inhomogeneous matrix equation. 2. Runge-Kutta method: Runge-Kutta method is mostly used to solve the initial value problems of the differential equations. In this thesis, we introduce the Runge-Kutta method to solve the first-order four-by-four nonlinear differential equation of the electromagnetic field components and find the £]-value of the cylindrical dielectric waveguides in a similar way depicted in method one. 3. Coupled Ez and Hz method: It uses the axial electromagnetic filed components to solve cylindrical dielectric waveguides. The formulation is similar to cylindrical ABCD matrix method, but it requires less variables then cylindrical ABCD matrix method. The numerical solution obtained from this method is most stable, but it is more complicated to derive harder to write the program. 4. Simple basis expansion method: The simple trigonometric functions (sine or cosine) are chosen as the bases of the horizontal coupled magnetic field equation derived from the second-order differential equation of the transverse magnetic field components. We do not select the horizontal coupling electric field because the normal component of the electric field is discontinuous on the interface. But the normal and tangential components of the magnetic field are continuous across the interfaces. The modal solution problem is converted to a linear matrix eigenvalue-eigenvector equation which is solved by the standard linear algebra routines. We will compare these four numerical methods with one another. The characteristics and advantage as well as the disadvantage of each method will be studied and compared in detail.

Orientador: Eliseu Saverio Sposito / Banca: Maria Terezinha Serafim Gomes / Banca: Clerisnaldo Rodrigues de Carvalho / Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo / Banca: Marcio Antonio Cataia / Resumo: Com a crise do fordismo e de suas bases estruturais, foi necessário um amplo processo de reestruturação que está fomentando diferentes trajetórias de superação de sua crise. Nos territórios que buscam superar esse modelo, os agentes sociais empreendem diferentes estratégias, com a implementação de princípios orientados pelo capitalismo flexível que permitem novas configurações nas instituições reguladoras que imprimem novas formas de relações profissionais e novas configurações no modelo de organização industrial. Nessa conformação, as heranças da formação do fordismo deixam os direcionamentos do combate à rigidez, gerando uma combinação específica dos territórios frente à flexibilidade. Isso se repercute no modo de regulação organizado em diferentes escalas, tendo a escala nacional como a principal mediadora dessas transformações entre o local e o global. Diante desse quadro, a proposta desta pesquisa esteve em compreender como as mudanças no modo de regulação nacional, empreendidas com o objetivo de tornar o território brasileiro alinhado com a regulação internacional do capitalismo flexível, tem repercutido no modo de regulação da Região do ABCD paulista, região essa que sempre apresentou um alinhamento com a regulação nacional e por isso sofreu fortemente os impactos da crise do fordismo. Com esse cenário, investigamos a relação entre as mudanças no modo de regulação nacional e o regional, a partir da analise da atuação dos principais agentes - o Estado, o capital e o tra... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: With the crisis of Fordism and its structural basis, an extensive process of restructuring that is fueling different paths to overcome its crisis was needed. In the territories that seek to overcome this model, social workers undertake different strategies, with the implementation of principles guided by flexible capitalism that allow new configurations in regulatory institutions that print new forms of professional relationships and new settings in the industrial organization model. In this conformation, the inheritances of the formation of Fordism leave the directions to combat stiffness, generating a specific combination of the territories ahead flexibility. This is reflected in the mode of regulation organized at different scales, and the national level as the main mediator of these changes between the local and the global. Given this situation, the purpose of this research was to understand how changes in national regulatory mode, undertaken with the aim of making Brazil aligned with the international regulation of flexible capitalism, has passed in setting mode of São Paulo ABCD Region, this region that has always been an alignment with national regulation and so strongly suffered the impacts of the crisis of Fordism. With this scenario, we investigated the relationship between changes in the national and regional regulation mode, from the analysis of the performance of the main actors - the state, capital and labor - in setting up a new flexible regulation mode that te... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor