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Background. Understanding how people adjust to living with chronic pain is paramount because of the negative impact of chronic pain on quality of life. Chronic pain integration has been proposed as a new construct that may enhance understanding of chronic pain adjustment. Integration, as defined by people living with chronic pain, is an ongoing process in which the person with chronic pain evolves becoming a mentally and physically stronger individual; creating a sense of harmony and control in one’s life. These positive outcomes of integration necessitate its continued investigation in chronic pain, especially if it may positively affect life quality. Objective. There were two overarching purposes of this study: (a) to further refine and test the psychometric properties of the Chronic Pain Integration Questionnaire (CPIQ); and (b) to examine four research hypotheses based on the proposed relationships between several constructs. Method and Results. Utilizing a quantitative, non-experimental design, the CPIQ demonstrated internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and evidence of validity when tested in a sample of 201 adults living with chronic non-cancer pain. All four of the research hypotheses were confirmed and three domains of the CPIQ were identified through exploratory factor analysis: self-management, self-awareness, and intrinsic adjustment. The favourable psychometric results of the CPIQ provide support for its continued use to understand adjustment in chronic pain. Ultimately, the goal of future research with the CPIQ is to identify effective interventions that promote chronic pain integration; leading to improved life quality for the person with chronic pain. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / A questionnaire titled the Chronic Pain Integration Questionnaire (CPIQ) was developed and then given to 201 adults living with chronic pain in order to gain a better understanding of how these adults have adjusted to living with chronic pain. The responses that these adults gave on the CPIQ were then compared to responses they gave on additional questionnaires related to their physical and mental health, acceptance, and social support. These comparisons allowed for the detailed examination of people’s adjustment to living with chronic pain. It is hoped that the CPIQ, which has now been developed and tested, will continue to allow health care professionals to gather more information about the life of someone living with chronic pain. It is also hoped that the CPIQ could be used in future research to identify effective strategies that improve the overall quality of life of the person suffering with chronic pain.

A primary purpose of this study was to develop and test a model of adaptation for children and adolescents who move to a foreign country. The model was developed from existing literature on adult migration, and from the small fund of knowledge which exists on immigrant children. Adaptation was conceptualized into two kinds - sociocultural and psychological. It was proposedthat sociocultural adaptation would mediate the relationship between a number of independent variables (coping strategies, life events, length of stay, social support, and cultural distance) andthe dependent variable, which was psychological adaptation. Use of Path analytical techniques demonstrated the poor utility of this model. There was no support for a linear relationship between psychological adaptation and sociocultural adaptation. Exploratory, data-based analyses were then carried out to determine significant predictors for sociocultural and psychological adaptation. While a significant set of predictors emerged for sociocultural adaptation, few individual significant variables emerged for psychological adaptation. Limitations of this study are noted.The implications for intervention of this finding to migrant children and adolescents are discussed. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 290-301).

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of this research project was to determine the relationship between the way students experience family and personal coherence and the extent to which students used potential sources of support. A secondary aim was to determine the relationship between the way the students and their parents experience the type of coping strategies used by the family during crisis situations. A Biographical questionnaire, Use of Resources Questionnaire, Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ), Family Sense of Coherence Scale (FSOC) and the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale (F-COPES) were completed by 145 first-year students at the University of Stellenbosch. Only the FSOC and the F-COPES scales were completed by parents. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between the way students experience family and personal coherence and the importance of using sources of support. It was found that female students have a stronger sense of family coherence than male students. Significant differences were found between the experience of students and their parents of the type of coping strategies used by the family during crisis situations. Significant differences were found specifically between the way students and their parents experience obtaining social support, mobilising the family to get and accept help and the passive appraisal of a problem. The results of the research have important implications for the development and implementation of support groups and also social and life skills programmes at secondary and tertiary training establishments. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoelstelling van hierdie ondersoek was om die verband te bepaal tussen studente se belewing van gesins- en persoonlike koherensie en die mate waarin studente potensiële ondersteuningsbronne benut het. 'n Sekondêre doelstelling was om die verband tussen die studente en hulouers se belewing van die tipe hanteringstrategieë wat deur die gesin tydens krisissituasies gebruik word, te bepaal. 'n Biografiese vraelys, Benutting van bronne vraelys, Lewensoriënteringsvraelys (Orientation to life Questionnaire (OLQ)), Gesinskoherensieskaal (Family Sense of Coherence Scale (FSOC)) en 'n Gesinskrisisgeoriënteerde Persoonlike Evaluasieskaal (Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale (F-COPES)) is voltooi deur 145 eerstejaarstudente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Slegs die FSOC en F-COPES skale is deur ouers voltooi. Die resultate dui daarop dat daar 'n beduidend positiewe verband bestaan tussen studente se belewing van gesins- en persoonlike koherensie en die belangrikheid van die benutting van ondersteuningsbronne. Daar is gevind dat vroulike studente 'n sterker belewing van gesinskoherensie as manlike studente het. Beduidende verskille is gevind tussen die studente en hulle ouers se belewing van die tipe hanteringstrategieë wat deur die gesin tydens krisissituasies gebruik word. Beduidende verskille is gevind spesifiek tussen die studente en hulle ouers se belewing van die gesin se verkryging van sosiale ondersteuning, die mobilisering van die gesin om hulp te verkry en te aanvaar, en die gesin se passiewe waardering van 'n probleem. Die navorsingsresultate het belangrike implikasies vir die ontwikkeling en implementering van ondersteuningsgroepe asook sosiale en lewensvaardigheidsprogramme aan sekondêre en tersiêre opleidingsinstansies.

The purpose of this study is determine whether increased knowledge of social conduct is accompanied by the personal and social adjustment of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors; then to compare the adjustment progress of the college groups.