M.Cur. / The Sub-Sahara region is riddled with HIV/AIDS to such an extent it has became a pandemic. The challenge to control or to minimize further infections has been left to the community nurses. The community nurses' primary aim is to promote and prevent the spread of infection, especially HIV I AIDS, amongst vulnerable groups (Clemen-Stone, 2002-134 ). The under-utilisation of the voluntary HIV -testing facility by hostel dwellers is a cause of concern among nurses in this Southern Metropolitan Health Care Centre. Clinic statistics for the year 2002 indicate that only sixty-six hostel dwellers used the voluntary HIV -testing. This number is low compared to the approximate population of twelve thousand hostel dwellers of the three hostels. The purpose of the research is to describe strategies to promote voluntary HIV -testing in the Southern Metropolitan Health Care Centre by community nurses. To realise the purpose of the research, the following research objectives are stated: To explore and describe factors that influence hostel dwellers not to utilise voluntary HIV -testing by community nurses in the Southern Metropolitan Health Care Centre. To explore and describe the community nurses' response to the factors that influence hostel dwellers not to utilise voluntary HIV -testing in the Southern Metropolitan Health Care Centre. To describe strategies for community nurses to promote the utilisation of the voluntary HIV -testing. The research design for this study is qualitative, descriptive and contextual in nature, (Mouton, 1996:102-103, 10, 133). The research in phase one was conducted in two steps. Step one focused on the exploration and description of the factors that influence hostel dwellers not to utilise the voluntary HIV -testing in health care centers. Step two dealt with the responses of community nurses as to how to address these factors in the health care centre.

M.B.A. / The purpose of this research project will be to test the impacts of HIV/AIDS and the manner in which it will influence changes in marketing strategies for Retail Food Companies in the future. The research questions posed are: What do Retail Food Companies perceive the impact of HIV/AIDS to be on their customer profile in the next 5 years? Do Retail Food Companies have marketing strategies in place to address the impact of HIV/AIDS on their primary target market? Do Retail Food Companies perceive HIV/AIDS to impact on their current product portfolio and their product portfolio in the next 5 years?

D.Litt et Phil. / According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, more than 5.3 million South Africans were HIV-positive at the end of 2003; AIDS is killing the population at a rate of around 1,000 people each day; and about 2,000 South Africans are becoming HIV-positive daily. This study is an enquiry into the public policy response to the South African epidemic. Since AIDS first appeared in the country in 1982 there have been numerous good policy documents written by successive South African governments—yet the epidemic shows little sign of abating. The study provides an overview of the main theories on public policy making, and applies these by combining a meso-level of analysis with a phase/stage approach to the policy process. It demonstrates that successive South African governments have defined the policy problem in different ways: moving from a moralistic to a biomedical approach, the most recent public policy response has been to (discursively at least) view the epidemic as a developmental and human rights-based problem. However, despite the drafting of broadly inclusive and well-conceptualised policies, previous as well as the current South African government suffers from a ‘crisis of implementation’. The study finds that this crisis of implementation is the result of a failure on the part of South African governments to consistently and correctly define the public policy problem itself. This has resulted in a contested policy environment, particularly in terms of the appropriate policy responses required. As a consequence, the initial close relationship between the new South African government and AIDS civil society has been badly eroded. The latter policy actor has turned to a strategy of bypassing the national government altogether, by appealing to the courts in an effort to ensure the implementation of AIDS policies. The study concludes that, unless public policy makers address the structural causes of the AIDS epidemic (race relations, sexual violence and cultural factors), the country will continue to suffer the ravages of the epidemic, nullifying some recent successes of lower levels of government (provinces and local governments) in demonstrating some implementation capacity. The study suggests that the public sector take greater cognisance of the tenets of different theories on public policy making in an effort to ameliorate the mistakes of the past. / Prof. Yolanda Sadie

M.Ed. / This research is undertaken as a reaction against the rapid spread of HIV-infection in South Africa. It is apparent that the majority of people, including secondary school adolescent learners in the North West Province still engage in sexual practices and attitudes that fan the situation. In order to develop and implement successful prevention strategies such as guidelines for secondary schools, it is important to examine existing knowledge about HIV/AIDS and current behaviour, as well as to investigate and identify the factors that may influence behaviours that may lead to contracting HIV/AIDS. The literature review identified several psychosocial and cognitive factors associated with high-risk behaviours among adolescents in secondary schools. For example, adolescents with higher educational aspirations are less likely to engage in sexual behaviour and alcohol and drug abuse. As a cognitive factor, knowledge is not necessarily sufficient to change high-risk behaviour; further, the social influence of peers can have an impact on adolescent sexual and other high-risk behaviours that may result in HIV infection. In addition, it is important to examine the cross-cultural relevance of these psychosocial factors and other factors related to the high-risk behaviours that fuel the spread of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In this research study, the semi-structured interviews were conducted with educators, learners and parents at three different secondary schools in the Bojanala region of North West Province. During the interviews, ethical measures were adhered to and steps were taken to ensure trustworthiness. The data collected was analysed, interpreted and discussed. The findings were interpreted with respect to the aims stated in the first chapter of the research study. The findings revealed that there has been disconnectedness between parents and educators, and that learners have been taking advantage of the situation. Parents have been outside the process of teaching their children about sex-related matters, including HIV/AIDS. The recommendations from this study were made with specific reference to the educators, learners and parents. Guidelines were provided, according to themes and categories, and it was recommended that community agencies and organisations should assist the parents and educators in the effort to stop the spread of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. / Dr. M.C. van Loggerenberg

This paper explores discourses of HIV/AIDS evident in a South African daily newspaper from 1985 to 2000, and discusses the implications of these in terms of the way in which HIV/AIDS is constructed in society. In this paper I utilize a Foucauldian analysis of the relationship between power and knowledge. The discursive framework of the war against HIV/AIDS is used to show how different groups of subjects are positioned in relations of power. Within this the power of western science and medicine is influential and supports and informs other discourses of HIV/AIDS. I argue that the discursive framework constructing HIV/AIDS as a war does far more than provide a useful vehicle within which HIV/AIDS can be understood as it supports certain institutions and groups of people above others. The paper concludes by identifying the silenced voices of women and dissidents, and calling for greater reflection concerning the critical analysis of current issues surrounding HIV/AIDS.

“We owe them fathers, and a family and loving homes they never knew because we know deep in our hearts that they are all our children too,” These are words from the musical Miss Saigon by Boubill and Schonberg as quoted by van Dyk (2005:278) which prompted the researcher’s interest in the study. According to a study by Kimane and Mturi (2000:8), a good number of AIDS orphaned adolescents have the responsibility of the care of siblings. Moreover, they are economically active, forced to earn income for their own survival or for their unemployed siblings or extended family household. They are the young people one sees in the streets of Lesotho’s principle cities, selling fruit or collecting fares in local taxis. For girls, the situation is particularly dire. While they too sell goods on the streets or some are employed as domestic workers, many find the lure of commercial sex work and the promise of cash irresistible (Kimane and Mturi, 2000:8). However, Fraser (2004:143) denotes that some children, when faced with stressful conditions, construct socially adverse situations as challenges and opportunities and access adequate amounts of available individual and environmental resources. This general frame of reference through which individuals appraise and react to events and situations in the environment is termed resiliency (Fraser, 2004:143). The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of AIDS orphaned adolescents. A qualitative approach with an exploratory-descriptive research design was employed to meet the aims of the study. The research was conducted in Thaba-Bosiu, Maseru. Purposive sampling was used to access a research sample with the assistance of a service rendering organisation in Lesotho. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews with eight AIDS orphaned adolescents between the ages of 15 -18 years. Data was analysed according to the framework provided by Tesch (in Creswell, 1994:153) and Guba’s model (in Krefting, 1991:217) was employed for data verification. It was anticipated that the study would contribute to the recommendations towards the development of more effective programmes for the AIDS orphans in Lesotho. In addition, undertaking this research was viewed as critical as it would provide the much needed scientific basis on which the Social Work professional body would be able to reflect on its AIDS orphan support strategies.

No description available.

Questionnaire responses of 214 college students at Virginia Polytechnic & State University regarding AIDS anxiety and how it affects sexual behavior were analyzed. Results indicated that women tend to have more AIDS anxiety than do men. Fifty-three percent of the male respondents reported their AIDS anxiety to be low/very low, and 15.7% reported high/very high, while 44.9% of the women responded low/very low, and 22.5% as being high/very high. Both males and females reported an increase in the number of sexual encounters a month, however, the number of different partners has decreased when data from 1986 and 1988 were compared. In 1986, 36.9% of the males reported being sexually active 3+ times a month, while in 1988, 51.5% of the males were sexually active 3+ times a month. In 1986, 50.2% of the females reported being sexually active 3+ times a month, whi1e 56.6% of the females in 1988 indicated that frequency. In 1986, 36.2% of the males and 31.5% of the females responded that they had 3+ different partners while 22.9% of the males and 14.1% of the females responded this way in 1988. Those who reported experiencing high anxiety concerning AIDS were less likely to use birth control than those who reported a low AIDS anxiety. Seventy-one percent of the respondents reported using some form of birth control, with 35.5% reporting the use of condoms. / Master of Science

The purpose of the study was to describe the personal views of superintendents and their opinions of their school boards' views in regard to schools and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The population for this study included the superintendents identified by a panel of jurors, on the basis of reputational excellence, for inclusion in"The Executive Educator 100" and published in the February 1987 issue of the Executive Educator. The study utilized survey research methodology to address the following questions: what are the personal views of superintendents, what are the relationships between these views and certain demographic characteristics and what are the relationships between the superintendents' responses and their opinion of their school boards' views? Eight items were identified on which superintendents were most evenly divided in their response. These items included the following statements: the current curriculum was sufficient for students to develop a comprehensive understanding of the causality and nature of AIDS, schools should be responsible for the shaping of attitudes and responses of students to the possibility of transmission of AIDS, schools should provide counseling for family members of student AIDS victims, an AIDS education inservice program should be mandatory for all certificated personnel, the school curriculum should specifically address the moral and values issues associated with AIDS, students with AIDS should be excluded from participation in contact sports programs, persons with AIDS should not be protected by Federal antidiscrimination legislation, and district policies should not differentiate between AIDS and any other communicable disease or virus. Superintendent response was found to be affected by respondents' sex, promotion to the superintendency, the identification of AIDS as an issue affecting schools, years experience in education, community description of district served, race, district enrollment size and whether or not the respondent had participated in an AIDS information workshop. There was a high degree of concurrence between the superintendents' views and their beliefs of their school boards' views regarding schools and AIDS. Only the issues of condom distribution in schools indicated an anticipated conflict in opinion. / Ph. D.

A crisis is unfolding because of the deaths among people in the labour force. It is expected that business, government and labour address the problem of HIV and AIDS. An intervention such as, introduction of policies and strategies would help in the awareness of the epidemic to the society as a whole. This study looks at the effect of HIV on gender inequality and its implications in the labour sector. There are large social and economic gaps between women and men in Malawi, and these inequalities have played a central role in the spread of HIV; hence it is imperative to consider women when developing HIV workplace policies, because they seem to be hit harder with the epidemic than men. Empowering women to refrain from risky relationships and protecting themselves and asserting their rights would decrease the high HIV prevalence percentage for women. The study use annual Labour participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) and annual labour participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) data obtained from (www.tradingeconomics.com) and annual Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) obtained from World Bank over the period of 1980 to 2009. Prior to doing the regression analysis, the time series data is tested for stationarity using correlograms and the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test on each data set. The results suggest that there is a negative relationship between HIV/AIDS and labour on both genders for this period and that there is a gap on the effect of AIDS on women and men in the labour sector. The time series data is found to be 1(2), intergrated of order 2. The HIV data is regressed onto the labour data, using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Following the regression line is the Engel-Granger method which is used to test for cointegration. Other tests include diagnostic tests and stability tests / Thesis (M.Sc.(Computer Science) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011