Thesis (MA (Counselling Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of Economics, 2006 / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Admin.(Public Administration))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Treatise (D.M.A.) Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Stanford Olsen, Florida State University, College of Music. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 6-22-07). Document formatted into pages; contains 80 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

The joint United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in collaboration with the World health Organization (WHO) published a report stating that, 42 million people are living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) globally, where 20 million people had already died and where HIV, the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome continued to spread in all countries (Pratt, 2003). In South Africa it is estimated that a total number of 5.6 million individuals have acquired HIV infection by the end of 2003 (Department of Health, 2004). Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) is presently the treatment of choice for people with HIV/AIDS. These drug cocktails of protease inhibitors and nucleosides led to the first real medical progress in the treatment of the epidemic. Although most people with HIV/AIDS are encouraged by the results of using the cocktail of Antiretroviral drugs (ARV’s), a recent study published indicated that 27% of people who are HIV positive have an infection that is resistant to all three classes of HIV drugs presently available (Voelker, 2000). This evidence show that there is a need for Alternative and Complementary Therapies to treat a significant number of people living with HIV infection. The aim of this study was to determine, by means of a questionnaire survey the perceived effect of Complementary Immune Boosters in HIV/AIDS patients in Johannesburg, Gauteng. This study also determined the knowledge people have of HIV/AIDS and how patients knew about the availability of Complementary Immune Boosters. Age, gender, marital status and employment status of patients were also determined. This study involved acquiring questionnaire survey responses from 200 participants in Johannesburg, Gauteng. Participants were recruited from twenty health shops and pharmacies that purchase Complementary Immune Boosters. A motivating letter (Appendix A) was hand delivered to health shops and pharmacies by the researcher prior to the completion of the questionnaire (Appendix B) to notify the pharmacist or health shop attendant about the research. Responses were recorded and correlated and analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods, including descriptive statistics. The results of this study provide a database estimating how effective Complementary Immune Boosters are on HIV/AIDS patients and reasons why HIV/AIDS patients choose to utilize Complementary Immune Boosters to boost their immune system or to relieve some of their symptoms. Of the 200 respondents only 40% said they are HIV positive, 22.4% said they are not and 37.6% said they do not know if they are HIV positive. The data showed that the percentages of respondents are almost equal with males (51.0%) and females 49.0%. In addition, the majority of respondents are blacks with 81.8%, the second group are whites 8.6%, and coloured 7.1% and Asians are only 2.5%. Cellfood (26.8%) was the most used product by respondents, followed by Hypoxis Hemenocallidea (African potato) 17.7%. The remaining 55,5% was shared by other Immune Boosters. Most respondents said they consume Complementary Immune Boosters to boost their immune system. Data showed that only 1.5% of respondents were advised by their medical practitioners to use Complementary Immune Boosters. With the study done on attitudes of medical practitioners regarding Complementary medicine in South Africa, 70% of medical practitioners felt that Complementary and Alternative Medicine should play an active role in the health care system in South Africa (Selli, 2003). The results of this study are expected to initiate further, much needed research in the area of HIV/AIDS and Complementary and Alternative Medicine. / Dr. M.R.A Moiloa Dr. S. Koopedi

M.Comm. / HIV/AIDS is no longer merely a threat to the future of South African organisations; it is a current reality. The essential purpose of this study is to serve as a current and future HIV/AIDS management guideline for strategic managers in South African business organisations. This study saves managers time and effort in researching various aspects regarding the impacts of HIV/AIDS on their organisations and provides a consolidated view on current and future realities regarding HIV/AIDS and the business organisation. The primary objective of the research is to enlighten strategic managers on various aspects surrounding the impacts that HIV/AIDS could have on their organisations. In order to provide for a full comprehension of potential impacts, the nature of the pandemic is discussed so that managers can be aware of the physical effects of the disease and the way it influences employees during its various stages. Furthermore, the psychological effects of the disease and related consequences on individual performance and employee morale are examined. It is also important for managers to know about legal implications surrounding HIV/AIDS and the workplace. Employees have certain rights that have been expressly stipulated in South African law that employers must be aware of and understand, that are highlighted in the study. Furthermore, guidelines pertaining to discrimination and unfair dismissal are also discussed. Business organisations exist in order to make a profit. It is extensively discussed in this study, however, that if HIV/AIDS is not correctly managed in an organisation, sustainability of profit will be negatively affected. This is because HIV/AIDS holds numerous direct and indirect costs for business organisations, since it directly impacts labour as an important business resource. In addition, the South African macro-economy has already been affected by HIV/AIDS. For example, disposable income in some households is declining because breadwinners are lost to the pandemic. This affects organisations’ customer and client bases and calls for possible strategic repositioning. In order to combat the potentially devastating impacts of HIV/AIDS on business organisations, guidelines on the planning and implementation of a comprehensive HIV/AIDS policy are provided. Furthermore, some strategic considerations for the management of HIV/AIDS in business organisations are provided as guidelines to assist managers in adjusting current strategies in order to still meet their original goals. The unique opportunities that HIV/AIDS holds for organisations are also examined. A limitation of the study is that the political impacts of HIV/AIDS have not been included due to public controversy and the will of the researcher to provide objective, scientific and factual content only. Furthermore, this study is focused on the most critical future impacts for business organisations based on current and forecasted occurrences. Because HIV/AIDS is a long-term pandemic, current infections are still going to affect businesses in the future. Therefore, this study has been compiled to be as independent of time as possible, providing the foundational aspects for current and future managers to prepare themselves for those impacts. / Prof. N. Lessing

M.B.A. / It is universally accepted that HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest threats facing mankind. It has a profound effect on humanity from a social, political and economical perspective and its effect can be catastrophic. Many research studies have highlighted the devastating effect of HIV/AIDS on people and society irrespective of geography albeit that the impact of HIV/AIDS varies from place to place. Further it has a profound impact on the economical well being of an individual, an organisation and for that matter an entire economy. Building blocks of economies throughout the world, in the developed and developing world, are people. People make up the labour force that organisations draw on in the various economies. Anything that upsets the productive labour force has a profound impact on the success and sustainability of these economies. In laymen terms an economy is based on individuals and grouped into structures that are organisational in nature. Organisations are essentially made up of a collection of people brought together to work in a collaborative manner and achieve an overall organisational objective. Therefore the impact of HIV/AIDS on the productive labour force affects the organisation directly which in turn has a casual effect on the entire economy. Organisations are therefore a critical stakeholder in the redressing of HIV/AIDS. Although a substantial amount of research has been conducted highlighting the impact of HIV/AIDS to an organisation there has largely been apathy by organisations in addressing HIV/AIDS. This has however improved over a period of time as the impact of HIV/AIDS on an organisation has been documented with greater accuracy and the analytical tools, methodologies and monitoring mechanisms have improved. This dissertation attempts to determine to what extent an organisation, Organisation X, is successful in the positive maximisation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) with regard to HIV/AIDS considering that many academics and industry specialists have expressed that to address the HIV/AIDS problem one has to focus on KAP. Organisation X was chosen since it is acknowledged by its industry peers, government and nongovernment organisations as having made considerable success in addressing HIV/AIDS from an organisational perspective.

M.Tech.

M.Tech.

M.A. / The headlines scream of HIV/AIDS being a global pandemic and it is true that HIV has reached every corner of the globe. Never in history has there arisen such a widespread and fundamental threat to human development. Yet it is sub - Saharan Africa that is the hardest hit region and mainland southern Africa that experiences the most severe HIV/AIDS epidemic in the world (Jackson, 2002). Countries like Botswana and South Africa have the highest infection rates with as many as one in three adults affected (Clark, 2002). Millions of children are being orphaned in these regions and years have been knocked off life expectancy. AIDS threatens food security, productivity, human resource availability and development (Jackson, 2002). It severely leaves its mark on the individual and the family, but its impact reaches through to the macro-economic level as well. This is a long term development disaster on a scale never witnessed before and sub -Saharan Africa is bearing the brunt of it. The global pandemic as it is called, is looking more and more like two distinct epidemics – one global and one regional (Jackson, 2002). Two dominant HIVtransmission patterns are described by UNAIDS (2000) today: heterosexual sex throughout sub-Saharan Africa and intravenous drug injecting, together with some sexual transmission among men who have sex with men, everywhere else. It is to be understood though, that these are not exclusive patterns of course, but it matters that these are the predominant modes of transmission. The devastating fact about African HIV/AIDS scenario is that women are several times more likely to be infected than men. Gender inequality is a fundamental driving force of the AIDS epidemic (Women’s Health Weekly, 2000). Biological and social factors make women and girls far more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS than men. Women are anatomically and physiologically much more susceptible and penile penetration puts women at great risk. Socio -culturally, women in (South) Africa tend to wield little power in heterosexual relationships. The socialisation process of both men and women right from childhood, as well as the stereotyping of their roles in society, has exposed women more to HIV infection as compared to their male counterparts (Henderson, 1996). The term gender refers to the widely shared expectations and norms within a society about appropriate male and female behaviour, characteristics and roles. It is a social and cultural construct that differentiates women from men and defines the ways in which women and men interact with each other (Gupta, 2001). In sub-Saharan Africa this very often means that it is unacceptable for a woman to say no to unwanted and unprotected sex unless they want to risk abuse or even violence (Esu-Williams, 2000). Both men and women are socialised to believe that men have a right to have sex regardless of their wives’ consent, even if he had been demonstrably unfaithful and was infected with HIV (Urdang, 2001). This state of affa irs is further exacerbated by the fact that very often the women is economically dependant upon the man. The fact that women are so vulnerable is a vital issue in the spread of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Women’s rights and needs have to be taken seriously if any kind of slowing of the epidemic is to occur. Equity in all fields – health, education, environment and the economy – are essential if women are to act to protect themselves when it comes to HIV/AIDS (Women’s Health Weekly, 2000). Issues surrounding women and poverty, education, training, health matters, violence, economy, power and decision-making, are issues that will have a major impact on the spread of HIV and AIDS.