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The effects of a group-based cognitive behavioural intervention on mood change and interpersonal behaviour in HIV-positive personsMessini, Lambros 14 April 2014 (has links)
M.A. (Psychology) / The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become one of the major challenges that the health care system has had to face and will continue to present a significant health challenge well into the 21st century. Up to the present time no effective treatment method has been found as the retroviral agents typically only cause a temporary inhibition of the progression of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HlV) and not a permanent cessation of the activity ofthe virus. Psychosocial approaches to the management of HlV have been moderately successful, but more successful then the retroviral agents during the HIV but non Clinical stage. Considering the proportions of the HlV disease, there are few studies in South-Africa, that describe the therapeutic effects of a stress management package consisting of aerobic exercise, group-based cognitive behavioural therapy and relaxation training on mood state changes of asymptomatic and early symptomatic HIV sufferers. Psychological measures, like depression and anxiety have been found to be associated with lowered immune responsivity, thus enhancing the underlying immunodeficiency found in HlV/AIDS sufferers. Past research has also illustrated the benefits that may be derived from aerobic exercise on the physiological mechanisms of the body. The intention of this research, was therefore to further reinforce the positive effects of aerobic exercise by using a biopsychosocial approach in the treatment of HIV, leading to an overall improvement in the immunological status, depression and distress levels of HlV patients, as well as their ability to cope with the disease. The study took place within the context of a wider project, forming a component of the AIDS research conducted by Prof. E.Wolff (Rand Afrikaans University). The study assessed the relevance of this intervention for the South African Setting.
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Rallying resources : strategies of therapeutic engagement among patients living with HIV in SenegalGilbert, Hannah January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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High risk lifestyles in Hong Kong: implications for the prevention of AIDSAbdullah, Abu Saleh Md. January 1998 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Community Medicine / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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The effects of an anger-expressive cognitive-behavioural intervention programme on HIV-seropositive patientsLamb, Torsten Rainer 16 August 2012 (has links)
D.Phil. / This thesis presents an intervention programme that aims to facilitate anger-expression and takes psychosocial and immunological variables into account. The present research argues that if the effects of the programme are validated, similar programmes may yield similar benefits for other participants in future intervention programmes in a South African context. The nature, course and effects of the HIV disease are described and include specific processes and mechanisms of influence in physical, mental and social terms. Biological processes that result from immunological deficiencies causing AIDS are analyzed and an explication of disease progression is offered. Psychological and social aspects related to immune-system deterioration carry implications for patients and influence their prognosis. The research was conducted in the context of a biopsychosocial conceptualization and was aimed at reducing levels of anger and helping establish recourses in the patients to manage infection and disease, as well as improve or at least retard decrements in immunological functioning. The goal of this intervention programme was to reduce levels of anger, anxiety, depression and social isolation. This would in turn increase the participant's personal sense of self-control, self-efficacy and self-esteem. Changes in these factors would help retard the overall HIV disease progression. An intervention programme was tailored to address the specific needs of HIV- infected patients. The group intervention was focused in such a way that relevant psychological, behavioural and social aspects were addressed. The programme borrowed and used aspects of different models and reformulated an intervention that would best address the specific needs of the participants. It was possible to isolate specific problems and focus the intervention on these specific areas, such as depression, anger, social isolation and hopelessness. For example, it was possible to take into account the participants' low self-efficacy and problems related to a lack of interpersonal coping skills and develop the participants' confidence and assertiveness (Antoni, 1991)
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An investigation of how Kampala teenagers who read Straight talk negotiate HIV/AIDS messagesKaija, Barbara Night Mbabazi January 2005 (has links)
This study is a qualitative ethnographic investigation of how teenagers in Kampala, Uganda, who read the HIV/AIDS publication aimed at adolescents, Straight Talk, negotiate HIV/AIDS messages. It seeks to establish to what extent these secondary school teenagers accept the key messages (known as ABC; Abstain, Be faithful or use a Condom) and understand the factual aspects of the messages about HIV/AIDS, its process of transmission and prevention. It also seeks to probe how the lived realities of the teenagers affect their particular negotiations of the HIV/AIDS messages. It includes a focus on how proximity to HIV/AIDS, gender and family economic disposition might affect teenagers, negotiation of the HIV/AIDS meanings. To investigate the respondents’ reception of HIV/AIDS messages, the study employed focus groups that consisted of two stages, namely the ‘news game’ and group discussions. In the ‘news game’ stage (Philo, 1990; Kitzinger, 1993) the teenage participants were required to produce a version of a one-page copy of an HIV/AIDS newspaper targeting teenagers. In the second stage of the focus group a structured discussion probed the teenagers’ negotiation of the HIV/AIDS media messages. In the news game, the teenagers on the whole reproduced the key Straight Talk HIV/AIDS messages ‘Abstain, Be faithful or use a Condom’ and also images showing the effects of HIV/AIDS but featured fewer images depicting the factual aspects of HIV/AIDS process of transmission and risky behaviour. In the structured discussion that followed the news game, it was evident that not all the teenagers necessarily believed the messages they produced. In spite of producing the ABC Straight Talk messages, some of them were uncertain and confused about the absolute safety of the condom because of fears that they were either porous, expired or would interfere with sexual pleasure. Secondly, though many of the teenagers in the study reproduced images that showed that they consider marriage as desirable and talked about their desire to abstain from sex till marriage, a considerable number think abstinence is not achievable due to competing values. Thirdly, the participant teenagers could differentiate between HIV and AIDS but many did not realise that with the advent of anti-retroviral drugs even people who have AIDS can look normal. In spite of repeating the Straight Talk message that “no one was safe” and being aware of the risky behaviour that their fellow teenagers get involved in, the teenagers seemed to think that their age cohort is safe from HIV and it is the adults who are likely to infect them. The study findings further indicate that the teenagers’ lived experience at times influence their negotiation of HIV/AIDS media messages. This was probed in terms of economic standing, gender and proximity to HIV/AIDS. In relation to gender one surprising discovery was that certain girls in the study feared getting pregnant more than getting HIV/AIDS. The study finally suggests that these findings are of significance for designing future media initiatives in relation to HIV/AIDS.
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Antenatal mothers' practices for preventing mother-to-child HIV transmissionChivonivoni, C. (Clara) 30 June 2006 (has links)
Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)
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Themes related to children living with HIV/AIDSBeetge, Lijahne 03 1900 (has links)
Assignment (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This review examines themes related to children, especially children under the age of fifteen,
living with HIV/Aids. For review purposes themes include defining children living with HIV/Aids
as a vulnerable population, the psychological impact of HIV/Aids on children, children’s
coping with and perceptions of HIV/Aids. The global HIV/Aids pandemic has caused major
worldwide social change. The impact, especially the psychological impact of HIV/Aids on
children appears to be vast and at times disastrous in nature. HIV/Aids is estimated to affect
the lives of several generations of children and the impact of the pandemic will therefore
characterize their communities for decades to come as the numbers of affected and infected
children are on the increase. It has been noted by research done that children living with
HIV/Aids become impoverished, their insecurities worsen and their psychosocial and
psychological problems increase. In addition their educational and work opportunities decline,
their nurturing and support systems disintegrate, and child mortality rates rise. The necessity
of psychological support for children affected and infected by HIV/Aids is directly linked to the
rights of children listed in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the
South African Constitution. Research reviewed points out that a child’s physical and
psychological health is intertwined and therefore a child cannot be physically healthy without
also being psychologically secure. Research reviewed also points out that it is of the utmost
importance that the voices of children who live with HIV/Aids are heard, their involvement in
decision making and planning related to HIV/Aids is allowed and that their needs are met,
especially their psychological needs in relation to the pandemic. Overall the literature
reviewed in the past four years (2003-2006) highlights the significantly under-investigated,
under-researched themes such as psychological aspects related to children living with
HIV/Aids, both in South Africa and internationally. These aspects surrounding HIV/Aids, as
previously mentioned, also seem to be the least tangible and the most difficult for adults to
address or comprehend fully and yet they impinge on all aspects of developing children -
hence the identified need in this area for adequate research and psychological support, such
as program implementation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie literatuuroorsig bied ’n ondersoek na die wêreldwye sosiale verandering en uitwerking
wat die globale HIV/vigs-pandemie tot gevolg het. Daar word veral gelet op temas wat
verwantskap hou met kinders, veral kinders vyftien jaar oud en jonger wat leef met HIV/vigs.
Temas sluit in die definiëring van kinders as weerloos, kinders se hantering van HIV/vigs,
hulle persepsies van HIV/vigs en hulle sielkundige behoeftes en ander aspekte met
betrekking tot HIV/vigs. Die trefkrag van HIV/vigs blyk omvattend en by tye rampspoedig te
wees. Na beraming beïnvloed HIV/vigs verskeie geslagte van kinders en die uitwerking van
die pandemie sal dus dekades lank nog deel vorm van hulle gemeenskappe soos die aantal
kinders wat geïnfekteer en geaffekteer is, toeneem. Navorsing toon dat kinders wat met
HIV/vigs leef, verarm. Verder vererger hulle onsekerhede en hulle psigososiale en
sielkundige probleme neem toe. Ook neem die kinders se opvoedkundige en
werkgeleenthede af, hulle versorgings- en ondersteuningsnetwerke disintegreer en
sterftesyfers neem toe. Die noodsaaklikheid van sielkundige ondersteuning vir kinders wat
deur HIV/vigs geïnfekteer en geaffekteer is, word direk in verband gebring met die regte van
kinders soos gelys in die Verenigde Nasies se Konvensie oor die Regte van die Kind en die
Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet. Die literatuuroorsig toon dat ‘n kind se fisieke en sielkundige
gesondheid ten nouste met mekaar verband hou en daarom kan ’n kind nie fisiek gesond
wees sonder om ook sielkundig geborge te wees nie. Verder dui navorsing ook op die
kardinale belang daarvan dat kinders wat leef met HIV/vigs se stemme gehoor word, hulle
betrokkenheid by besluitneming en beplanning verseker word en al hulle behoeftes bevredig
word, veral hulle sielkundige behoeftes wat met die pandemie verband hou. Oor die
algemeen beklemtoon die literatuuroorsig wat oor die afgelope vier jaar strek (2003-2006) dat
daar nie voldoende navorsing gedoen is met betrekking tot temas wat verwantskap hou met
kinders en HIV/vigs nie, nie alleen in Suid-Afrika nie, maar ook internasionaal. Hierdie
bevindings is kommerwekkend veral omdat Suid-Afrika ‘n land is met onrusbarende groot
getalle kinders wat deur HIV/vigs geïnfekteer is. Dit wil ook voorkom of hierdie aspekte wat te
make het met kinders en HIV/vigs nie baie duidelik is vir volwassenes nie en ook die
moeilikste is om te hanteer of ten volle te verstaan, hoewel dit alle aspekte van die kind se
ontwikkeling raak. Vandaar die behoefte op hierdie gebied aan voldoende navorsing en
sielkundige ondersteuning, soos program implementering.
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An investigation of the rate of change of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte counts and viral loads in HIV infected patients on immune boostersMkhize, Brenda Thabisile January 2007 (has links)
A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of tine requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology: Biomedical Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2007. / In 2004, it was reported that KwaZulu-Natal had the greatest number of HIV infected people, approximately 1.8 million people, of whom an estimated 450 000 were in need of antiretroviral drug therapy based on their Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) counts and clinical status. Studies on the success of antiretroviral drugs in improving the quality of life in HIV infected individuals have been extensively performed and published. However, there are no published data on the effect that immune boosters have in improving the quality of life in such persons. Considering the side effects, toxicity, multi-drug regimens and drug resistance problems associated with antiretroviral therapy, alternative or supplementary therapies may play an important role in improving the quality of life in HIV infected people. Such therapy might help in situations where some patients who qualify for antiretroviral treatment are unable to access them because of several reasons such as long waiting lists, travelling costs, unwilling to take antiretroviral drugs, etc. Some patients have reservations in taking antiretroviral drugs. The stigma associated with the disease may be a major factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in the immune status of HIV infected patients that were on the Inochi New Medicine immune booster, as well as, to assess the safety and efficacy of this immune booster in improving the patients’ quality of life. / M
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Women, HIV/AIDS and stigma: an anthropological study of life in a hospiceSkhosana, Nokuthula Lucinda 24 August 2012 (has links)
MA, Faculty of Humanities (Social Anthropology), University of the Witwatersrand, 2001
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The impact of culture on the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS amongst people in low-resourced areas :a social work perspectiveMakhubele, Jabulani Calvin January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (M. A. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2004. / The aim of this study was to explore the impact of culture on the prevention and
reatment of HIV/AIDS amongst people in low-resourced areas like Malamulele. he study focused on the lifestyles, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions around ultural elements and practices, which might impact negatively on the prevention nd treatment of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. There were three groups of research espondents namely: learners from three high schools in Malamulele, some arents of the learners and the traditional/cultural leaders.
The researcher ollected both qualitative and quantitative data. The data was gathered through he use of an interview schedule (questionnaire), focus group discussions and ound-table discussion sessions. The data was presented, analysed and nterpreted by means of tables and charts.
t was found that people in low-resourced (rural) areas have little knowledge about HIV/AIDS, causes, symptoms and how the disease is transmitted. Despite the fact that awareness and educational campaigns and programmes are being rendered, people in low-resourced (rural) areas have little knowledge and needed skills about prevention and treatment of the pandemic. Polygamy and extra-marital relations by men is still highly valued and viewed at high esteem. Religious structures seem to be detached to the issue of HIV/AIDS as they mentioned that talking about HIV/AIDS is immoral and against their principles. The study also tried to explore the extent to which people in low-resourced areas view and use condoms as a protective means.
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