Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Freiburg (Breisgau).

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alberta, 1952. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-170). Also available online as part of: Our roots/Nos Racines.

Orientador: Mauricio Galo / Resumo: Um Levantamento Hidrográfico (LH) tem como principal meta a obtenção de dados para a edição e atualização de documentos náuticos, estes, voltados à segurança das atividades de navegação. Objetivando padronizar parâmetros de incerteza das cartas náuticas, a Organização Hidrográfica Internacional (OHI) define níveis mínimos de confiança para diferentes ordens. A sugestão dessas especificações foi internalizada pela Marinha do Brasil, responsável pela produção das cartas náuticas brasileiras, na NORMAM-25. Um desses parâmetros é a Incerteza Vertical Total máxima permitida, um indicador de qualidade da medição da profundidade. A informação de profundidade influencia no calado máximo permitido a uma embarcação para transitar em uma região com segurança, o que pode impactar inclusive nas limitações de transações comerciais em terminais portuários, uma vez que as profundidades estimadas com acurácia potencializam os parâmetros de operação dos portos. Por se tratar de um ambiente dinâmico, seja por ação da própria natureza ou devido a atividades antrópicas, a atualização de uma carta náutica deve ser uma preocupação constante. Como complemento à tradicional técnica de levantamento por meio de um ecobatímetro acoplado a embarcações, há a opção de se realizar um LH com o emprego da tecnologia LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) a partir de aeronaves, por meio de um aerolevantamento batimétrico por LiDAR (ALB – Airborne LASER Bathymetry), que operam com pulsos LASER na região verde do e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A Hydrographic Survey (HS) has as main goal to obtain data for editing and updating nautical documents, these, focused on the safety of navigation. In order to establish a standard of uncertainty parameters for nautical charts, the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines minimum levels of confidence for different orders. The suggestion of these specifications was acknowledged by the Brazilian Navy, institution responsible to produce Brazilian nautical charts, as described in NORMAM-25. One such parameter is the maximum allowed Total Vertical Uncertainty, a quality indicator of the depth measurement. Depth information influences the maximum operational draft for a vessel to safely travel in a region, causing impact on port operations and limiting the commercial transactions. Accurately estimated depths enhance the operational parameters of the ports. Due to the aim of representing a dynamic environment, whether as consequence of the action of nature itself or because of anthropic activities, updating a nautical chart must be a constant concern. As a complement to the traditional survey technique conducted with a boat-coupled echosounder, there is the option of performing a HS using LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) technology from aircraft, through LiDAR aerial bathymetry (ALB - Airborne LASER Bathymetry), which operate with LASER pulses in the green region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Considering these points, this work analyzed the differences between the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The feasibility of the Alb-uPA/SCID/Bg chimeric mouse as a model for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection was assessed experimentally by (1) the infection and treatment with another hepatotropic virus, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and (2) the infection of the model with HCV and the subsequent treatment of that infection with a pro-apoptotic factor (BID) targeted to infected hepatocytes. In the former, the infected mouse responded favorably, and in the manner of human patients, to a standard imunoglobulin therapy. In the latter, HCV-infected hepatocytes were successfully targeted for cell death, with repeated doses of Adenovirus-delivered BID being the most effective at inhibiting virus spread. Efficacy and toxic side-effects of BID treatment could be reconciled by modulating the timing between doses, the most effective tested being three doses of BID at 7-day intervals. Analyses of chimeric model production were undertaken to improve the quality of human hepatocyte engraftment (typically only 25-35% of mice receiving grafts are currently used experimentally). Minor variations in success rates were experienced with respect to donor age or health status, or the age of recipient mice within an operational window of 5 to 13 days from birth. The greatest obstacle to useful engraftment (aside from technical challenges) was deemed to be the genetic/cellular integrity of the recipient mouse. This conclusion was based on variable engraftment success with ‘healthy’ donor cell preparations and a consideration of variability in immune deficiency arising in mice within a SCID/Bg mouse colony. / Experimental Surgery

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Grâce à l’échocardiographie au chevet, il est maintenant reconnu que la dysfonction myocardique a une forte prévalence et coexiste avec le choc distributif tôt dans le sepsis sévère. Dans les deux cas, la réanimation liquidienne représente la première ligne de traitement qui permet de sauver des vies. À ce jour, aucun liquide spécifique n'a pu être déclaré supérieur ou ayant un impact clair sur l’issue du choc septique. L’objectif est donc d'évaluer les impacts moléculaires de la perfusion isovolémique de différents liquides de réanimation sur la dysfonction myocardique induite par l'endotoxine. Des rats adultes se sont fait équiper de voies centrales, injecter en intrapéritonéale avec de l’endotoxine (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], provenant d'E. coli) ou du normal salin (0,9 %; contrôle) et, subséquemment, perfuser (ou non) avec une quantité isovolémique de liquide de remplissage vasculaire (normal salin [NS], albumine [ALB], solution de salin hypertonique [HTS]) pour une période de 6 à 24 heures, suivie d'un monitorage échocardiographique ainsi que d'une évaluation biochimique et histopathologique. Résultats : l’albumine améliore la dysfonction myocardique induite par le LPS en : i) réduisant l’épaisseur relative du ventricule gauche en diastole (LVRWD) (élargissement de l’espace interstitiel et de la teneur en albumine endogène); ii) limitant l'apoptose cardiaque tout en maintenant et en régulant le signal extracellulaire d’activation de la protéine kinase mitogène activée [ERK1-2 MAPK]; iii) favorisant les voies d'expression de l’hème oxygénase-1 [HO-1] et de la NO synthase inductible [iNOS]. La solution saline hypertonique [HTS] a été la seule à permettre une prévention hâtive de la dysfonction myocardique, en plus de réduire l'apoptose cardiaque grâce à une augmentation de l’expression de HO-1. Conclusion : les perfusions isovolémiques de liquides ont des impacts moléculaires distincts sur la dysfonction myocardique induite par l’endotoxine. L’albumine et le salin hypertonique présentent de potentielles propriétés antioxydantes, anti-apoptotiques et anti-oedémateuses. Cependant, d’autres recherches seront nécessaires afin d'approfondir les mécanismes sous-jacentes de ces impacts, afin d'éventuellement modifier certaines pratiques cliniques et d'améliorer la survie des patients atteints de dysfonction myocardique d'origine septique.

The efficiency of an assembly line depends on how the different tasks are distributed among the work stations that make up the assembly line. Assigning the tasks to the stations is called assembly line balancing (ALB) and is an NP-hard optimization problem. While automating line balancing has the potential to make manufacturing more efficient, and the problem has been studied for many decades, the research has not been widely adopted by industry, where planning is still largely done manually. This thesis discusses reasons for this theory-practice gap and suggests a direction that is more focused on real-world applications. This includes shifting the focus to a decision support system (DSS) rather than considering the ALB solver in isolation. Such a shift places the solver in a new context, where it plays a slightly different role and needs to fulfill slightly different requirements. A framework for building practical ALB solvers within a DSS context is proposed and then evaluated by implementing solvers for two different assembly line models. Increasingly refined versions of the ALB solvers are compared to each other, showing that the most specialized version performs substantially better than the simplest, which demonstrates that this framework allows an effective trade-off between development time and performance. One of the implemented solvers is also pitted against a state-of-the-art solver for the Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem type 1 (SALBP-1) by comparing its results on a standard set of problem instances against the best published results. The comparison shows that the implemented solver is not just competitive but in some ways superior. On the largest instances, it produces improved solutions for 99 % of the instances that had not already been solved optimally, reducing the number of stations by more than 2 % on average. The solvers also demonstrated the potential to effectively trade off running time and solution quality, which is an important feature in an interactive system that is meant to support an iterative refinement process.

Les couts et bénéfices des soins parentaux ont été largement démontrés durant la période de lactation et croissance des jeunes, mais rarement après le sevrage. Pour nous permettre de mieux comprendre l’effet de ces soins à plus long terme, nous avons étudié les associations post-sevrage chez une population de chèvres de montagne (Oreamnos americanus) suivie depuis plus de 25 ans. Nous avons évalué l’effet des caractéristiques maternelles et de la taille de population sur l’occurrence et la fréquence des associations post-sevrage et avons étudié les couts potentiels de la reproduction et les bénéfices pour la mère et le juvénile âgé de 1 à 3 ans. Les femelles non reproductrices s’associent plus souvent avec les juvéniles d’un an que les mères reproductrices qui perdent leur chevreau et les mères lactantes, tandis que l’occurrence des associations avec un juvénile de 2 ans est plus élevée pour les femelles que pour les mâles. Un indice d’association élevé avec un juvénile de 2 ans augmente la probabilité qu’une mère ne se reproduise pas l’année suivante. Nous n’avons pas détecté de bénéfices des associations sur la croissance à court terme et la survie des juvéniles associés. Les associations post-sevrage induisent des couts reproductifs pour la mère, qui augmentent avec l’âge du juvénile. / The costs and benefits of parental care have been largely demonstrated during the lactation and offspring growth periods, but rarely after weaning. To better understand the effects of post-weaning parental care, we examined post-weaning associations in a population of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) monitored for > 25 years. We assessed the effect of maternal characteristics and population size on the occurrence and frequency of post-weaning associations and investigated potential reproductive costs and benefits for mothers and juveniles aged 1 to 3 years old. Barren mothers associated more frequently with yearlings than summer yeld mothers, and lactating mothers, whereas the occurrence of associations was higher for 2-year females than 2-year males. A higher association index with 2-year-olds increased the probability that a mother would be barren the following year. We did not detect benefits of associations on the short-term growth and survival of associated juveniles. Post-weaning associations induced reproductive costs for mothers, which exacerbated as associated juveniles aged.