Yes / Aberrant transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling activation is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). BMPR2 mutations perturb the balance between bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and TGF-β pathways, leading to vascular remodeling, narrowing of the lumen of pulmonary vasculature, and clinical symptoms. This forum highlights the association of the TGF-β pathway with pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches. / Research carried out at Nasim laboratories is funded by GrowMedtech, the Royal Society, the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission (CSC) and the University of Bradford (UoB). N.S. is funded by the CSC and C.C.N. is partly funded by the UoB.