Marburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2004.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Marburg.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, 2008. / Kaynakça var.

This thesis identifies the geotechnical parameters of the Antalya karstic foundation rocks (travertine/tufa), which are highly variable in nature, by means of geological observations, geotechnical site investigations, and field and laboratory geomechanics tests to examine karstic (mainly tufa) rock mass behavior. Several geotechnical parameters such as porosity, seismic wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, Young&rsquo / s modulus, tensile strength, etc. that are thought to have significant influence on rock mass behavior have been tested and statistically analyzed. Principal component analysis and multiple linear and non-linear regression analyses have been carried out in order to reveal correlations between the geotechnical parameters tested. Porosity has been statistically determined to be one of the major parameters governing the strength of the Antalya tufa rock mass. Intact rock failure criteria, among which Bieniawski&rsquo / s criterion has been proven to be more appropriate for each tufa type (phytoherm framestone, phytoherm boundstone, microcrystalline tufa, phytoclast tufa and intraclast tufa) along with the Antalya tufa rock mass have been determined from the experiments. GSI rock mass classification of the Antalya tufa rock mass, whose GSI value was recommended between 20&plusmn / 5 and 75&plusmn / 5, has been attempted to be used in engineering design. Furthermore, the depth and dimension of the karstic cavities and fractures have been investigated by the geophysical tests, surface geological survey and subsurface investigations (borings and observation pits).

The concept of &ldquo / climate change&rdquo / is, nowadays, seen as a global problem of the whole world. It has impacts on the economic, social, and environmental life of human beings, and also on the local life. As one of the sectors that are important for the local economies, &ldquo / tourism&rdquo / is vulnerable to climate change due to being sensitive to the factors of climate and weather. Therefore, to discuss the relation between the climate change and tourism is the aim of this thesis. In this regard, the context of &ldquo / the awareness of the actors&rdquo / about the impacts of the climate change becomes important. To evaluate the awareness of the actors, the research is focused on &ldquo / the response mechanisms&rdquo / that they develop. The hypothesis is that although the expected impact of climate change is very important, the level of awareness of the actors on this sector is rather limited and this leads to limited action to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on tourism. In this regard, in this research, the main purpose is identified as to discuss the impacts of climate change on tourism, and to evaluate the awareness of the actors and the response mechanisms. It is researched that whether the actors are aware of the current condition about climate change and tourism and whether the response mechanisms that actors develop are effective on the impacts of climate change on tourism. As a sample in Turkey, Antalya is defined as the case study area, and the impacts of climate change on tourism are examined, and the awareness of the actors is analyzed. It is displayed, by the results of the analysis, that which type of mechanisms the actors in Antalya have trend to develop about climate change impacts.

The archaeological and technical questions about ancient stone tools lead to various research activities such as chemical and petrographical analysis. Considering research areas and publications it can be suggested that mineralogical studies of stone samples of ancient stone tools have disclosed useful information concerning identification of the stone. Within this context, aim of this study is to determine the chemical, mineralogical and petrographical identities of the stone samples of Karain Cave (Antalya). Most paleolithic caves show one specific time interval layer but Karain Cave shows lower-upper and middle layers which give information about the migration ways between Near East and Europe. Stone tools excavated from Karain Cave are not only first human remainings in Anatolia but also first artworks of Anatolian people.Most of the stone tools excavated from Karain Cave are cherts. These cherts were analysed for archeological aspects but mineralogical, petrographical, and chemical contents have not been analysed yet. During the excavations at the Karain Cave in Antalya many stone pieces in different sizes and colors had been found. In this study ten samples were examined. The methods used consists of thin section, X- ray powder diffraction , scanning - electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis , differential thermal analyses and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine material characteristics of the samples. Petrographically the nine of the samples are chert with some including radiolarian fossils. Microcrystalline &aacute / - quartz is the major mineral in the chert. Only one sample is composed calcite and is identified as micritic limestone. Chemical analysis reflect the typical composition of chert with the average values of / 40.9% Si and 1 sample is limestone, which is composed of 35.7% Ca . Minor elements are Fe, Al, K, and Ti in the samples. Thermal analysis is also supported the thin section studies.Further research is suggested for provenance analysis of stone tools from the Karain Cave.

In this study, an urban growth model is used to simulate the urban growth in 2025 in the Antalya Metropolitan Area. It is the fastest growing metropolis in Turkey with a population growth of 41,79&amp / #8240 / , although Turkey&amp / #8217 / s growth is 18,28&amp / #8240 / for the last decade. An Urban Growth Model (SLEUTH, Version 3.0) is calibrated with cartographic data. The prediction is based on the archived data trends of the years of the 1987, 1996, and 2002 images, which are extracted from Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper satellite images and the aerial photographs acquired in 1992 and the data are prepared to insert them as input into the model. The urban extent is obtained through supervised classification of the satellite images and visual interpretation of aerial photographs. The model calibration, where a predetermined order of stepping through the coefficient space is used is performed in order to determine the best fit values for the five growth control parameters including the coefficients of diffusion, breed and spread, slope and road gravity with the historical urban extent data. The development trend in Antalya is simulated by slowing down growth by taking into consideration the road development and environmental protection. After the simulation for a period of 23 years, 9824 ha increased in urban areas is obtained for 2025.

Nowadays, many cities try to turn their historic city centers into centers of attraction both for inhabitants and visitors by reorganizing and revitalizing them. These reorganization and revitalization processes change the users of the place as well as its physical structure. Thus, this change also creates deep impacts on human-place relationship. Traces of these impacts can be observed via &lsquo / sense of place&rsquo / and &lsquo / place image&rsquo / concepts. Studying these concepts is difficult due to their subjectivity / however, it is necessary to understand the change of place in all dimensions. It is possible to observe a similar process in Kalei&ccedil / i, the historic city center of Antalya. This research examines the process of change in Kalei&ccedil / i over the last five decades regarding the impacts on the &lsquo / sense of place&rsquo / and &lsquo / place image&rsquo / . It identifies &lsquo / physical setting&rsquo / , &lsquo / activity&rsquo / and &lsquo / meaning&rsquo / as observable components of these concepts / and it examines the change in these components through the in-depth interviews with three different user groups (i.e., users before 1980, those after 1980 and present users) and cognitive maps. The research considers that the first conservation practices in Kalei&ccedil / i started in 1980s, thus, it examines the change in &lsquo / sense of place&rsquo / under the headings of before 1980, after 1980 and present time. This research shows that the &lsquo / sense of place&rsquo / and &lsquo / place image&rsquo / between these user groups vary significantly. It indicates that the sense of place of the first user group is generated mostly regarding &lsquo / meaning&rsquo / component shaped by experiences / whereas the sense of place of the second and third category users mostly relates with physical environment and historical identity of the place. Besides, this research comes to a conclusion that there is a direct link between the change in sense of place and the efforts of turning the area into a center of attraction for tourism.

Among the various remote sensing methods that can be used to map forest areas, the K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) supervised classification method is becoming increasingly popular for creating forest inventories in some countries. In this study, the utility of the KNN algorithm is evaluated for forest/non-forest/water stratification. Antalya is selected as the study area. The data used are composed of Landsat TM and Landsat ETM satellite images, acquired in 1987 and 2002, respectively, SRTM 90 meters digital elevation model (DEM) and land use data from the year 2003. The accuracies of different modifications of the KNN algorithm are evaluated using Leave One Out, which is a special case of K-fold cross-validation, and traditional accuracy assessment using error matrices. The best parameters are found to be Euclidean distance metric, inverse distance weighting, and k equal to 14, while using bands 4, 3 and 2. With these parameters, the cross-validation error is 0.009174, and the overall accuracy is around 86%. The results are compared with those from the Maximum Likelihood algorithm. KNN results are found to be accurate enough for practical applicability of this method for mapping forest areas.

This study tries to identify agencies&rsquo / strategies in the &lsquo / urban restructuring&rsquo / of Antalya into a &lsquo / city of culture&rsquo / by examining the underlying relation between urban cultural policies and global capitalism. Pursuing the relational thinking of the Marxist urban political economy paradigm, the theoretical frames for the concepts of &lsquo / restructuring&rsquo / and &lsquo / city of culture&rsquo / were investigated using multi-dimensional approaches of existing scholarly literature. Since the concept &lsquo / city of culture&rsquo / involves growth oriented development strategies of cities competing with other cities for capital, the concept is examined in these sub-fields: (field of art and culture / subfield(s) of urban -planning, -governance, -politics, -design / field of economy / field of tourism). Thus, to outline a theory of practice for the &lsquo / growth machine&rsquo / agents, the transformation of the &lsquo / forms of capital&rsquo / that both the agents and Antalya &lsquo / city&rsquo / possess is examined in four sub-fields in the general field of power in Antalya. Various qualitative research methods were used to understand what underlies the restructuring process. Most of the qualitative data resulted from direct interviews / 28 individuals from six groups (the representatives of -cultural, educational and academic institutions / -capitalist investors / -local government / -NGOs / -central government / Antalyalite Intelligentsia) and a group interview (with 6 academics at Akdeniz University) during the field research conducted between 2006 and 2008. This thesis identifies the Antalya Greater Municipality (AGM) as the leading agency in the pro-growth coalition in Antalya with support from ATSO (Antalya Chamber of Trade and Commerce) among various other local and global agents (T&Uuml / RSAK, iGM-istanbul Greater Municipality, WTO, EU) with their wealth of economic, cultural, commercial, social, and symbolic capitals influencing urban restructuring in Antalya. Opposing them is a group critical of cultural, economic and urban policies compatible with the policies trying to ease the transformation of Antalya into a festival marketplace or fantasy city. Eventually, it is argued that the urban elites&rsquo / strategies to transform Antalya into a &lsquo / city of culture&rsquo / have produced a &lsquo / growth machine&rsquo / using the world city ideology to convince people of the benefits of this transformation. The essential finding of this study is that the &lsquo / state&rsquo / is the most active player in the restructuring process through its interventions in various fields.