No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.

Nitrogen transfer from aquaculture to agriculture in integrated systems has been difficult to quantify, and the contribution of fish effluent to nitrogen utilization by crop plants is poorly documented. Therefore, labeled nitrogen, ¹⁵N, was used in a small scale integrated system in a controlled environment greenhouse to determine nitrogen transfer from the fish system and its utilization by plants. Tilapia fish were grown in m³ tanks and fed a complete diet that was amended with ¹⁵N ammonium sulfate. Fish effluent amended with ingredients of a basic nutrient solution and 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% of the recommended mineral nitrogen was used to irrigate Summer Bibb lettuce in 5 gal lysimeters in two trials. In trial 1, percent ¹⁵N recovered by lettuce was significantly higher in effluent amended with 50% mineral nitrogen as opposed to 0% or 100%. Dry weight of lettuce was significantly lower only when irrigated with effluent only (no mineral nitrogen added). In trial 2, percent ¹⁵N recovered by lettuce was significantly higher in effluent amended with 25% mineral nitrogen as opposed to 0% or 50%. In treatments with the same amount of mineral nitrogen added, addition of effluent did not affect dry weight. Although ¹⁵N recovery demonstrated efficient nitrogen transfer from the fish feed to the plants, results indicate that effluent alone does not supply sufficient nitrogen for lettuce production.

Several laboratory studies were conducted to examine the relationships between larval developmental and foliage consumption. Neonate lepidopterous larvae were placed in controlled environment growth chambers to measure the time required to complete larval growth, and comparative foliage consumption at constant temperatures. Differences in developmental times and degree day estimates between beet armyworm and cabbage looper varied significantly with temperatures and host plant. In general, cabbage looper feeding on lettuce completed larval development at a more rapid rate and consumed more foliage than any other species-host combination. In one study, the time required to complete larval development between CL and BAW varied less than one day, but the difference in foliage consumed between the two hosts varied almost 40%. Results from these studies may provide information important for understanding the damage potential of lepidopterous larvae and optimizing use patterns for new compounds that will be integrated into management programs for leafy vegetables.

An experiment was conducted to examine the effectiveness of knifing a vshaped notch into the center of raised onion beds for reducing soluble salt accumulation in the seed rows. Sodium salts accumulated within an 18 inch wide band in the top six inches of the knifed raised bed profile. Sodium salts accumulated primarily within a narrow six inch wide band, and to a somewhat lesser extent, within an 18 inch wide band in the top six inches of the conventional raised bed profile. Total soluble salts accumulated primarily within a six inch wide band in the top six inches of the knifed and conventional onion raised bed profiles.