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Estudo da absor??o das esp?cies pesadas do g?s natural em octanol: efeitos da temperatura e vaz?o / Study of absorption of the heavy components from natural gas in octanol: effects of the temperature and flowFarias, Ariano Brito de 28 September 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Na ind?stria do petr?leo, o g?s natural ? um componente vital no suprimento de energia do mundo e uma importante fonte de muitos hidrocarbonetos. ? uma das mais limpas, mais segura e mais aplic?vel de todas as fontes de energia, e ajuda a conhecer a crescente demanda mundial por energia limpa no futuro. Com a crescente participa??o do g?s natural na matriz energ?tica no Brasil, o principal objetivo de seu uso tem sido o abastecimento de energia el?trica atrav?s da gera??o de energia t?rmica. No processo de produ??o atual, como em uma Unidade de Processamento de G?s Natural (UPGN), o g?s natural passa por diversas unidades de separa??o visando ? produ??o de g?s natural liquefeito e g?s combust?vel. Este ?ltimo deve ser especificado para atender as m?quinas t?rmicas. No caso dos po?os remotos, o processo de absor??o dos componentes pesados visando o seu ajuste ? uma alternativa para de aumentar a malha energ?tica do pa?s e/ou local. Atualmente, devido ? elevada demanda por este g?s processado, a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de t?cnicas que visam o ajuste do g?s natural s?o estudados. M?todos convencionais hoje empregados, como a absor??o f?sica, possuem bons resultados. O objetivo do trabalho ? avaliar a remo??o dos componentes pesados do g?s natural. Nesta pesquisa foi utilizado como absorvente f?sico o ?lcool oct?lico. Foi estudada a influ?ncia dos par?metros, como temperatura (5?C e 40?C) e vaz?o (25 e 50 ml/min) sobre o processo de absor??o em termos de capacidade de absor??o, expresso pela quantidade absorvida; e em termos cin?ticos, expresso pelo coeficiente de transfer?ncia de massa. Conforme esperado pela literatura, foi observado que a absor??o das fra??es pesadas de hidrocarbonetos ? favorecida em baixas temperaturas. Por outro lado, tanto a temperatura como a vaz?o favorece a transfer?ncia de massa, efeito cin?tico. A cin?tica de absor??o de remo??o dos componentes pesados foi acompanhada atrav?s de an?lise cromatogr?fica e os resultados experimentais mostraram elevado percentual de recupera??o dos componentes pesados. Al?m disso, foi observado que o emprego de ?lcool oct?lico como agente absorvedor demonstrou ser vi?vel o processo de separa??o. / In the oil industry, natural gas is a vital component of the world energy supply and an important source of hydrocarbons. It is one of the cleanest, safest and most relevant of all energy sources, and helps to meet the world's growing demand for clean energy in the future. With the growing share of natural gas in the Brazil energy matrix, the main purpose of its use has been the supply of electricity by thermal power generation. In the current production process, as in a Natural Gas Processing Unit (NGPU), natural gas undergoes various separation units aimed at producing liquefied natural gas and fuel gas. The latter should be specified to meet the thermal machines specifications. In the case of remote wells, the process of absorption of heavy components aims the match of fuel gas application and thereby is an alternative to increase the energy matrix. Currently, due to the high demand for this raw gas, research and development techniques aimed at adjusting natural gas are studied. Conventional methods employed today, such as physical absorption, show good results. The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the removal of heavy components of natural gas by absorption. In this research it was used as the absorbent octyl alcohol (1-octanol). The influence of temperature (5 and 40 ?C) and flowrate (25 and 50 ml/min) on the absorption process was studied. Absorption capacity expressed by the amount absorbed and kinetic parameters, expressed by the mass transfer coefficient, were evaluated. As expected from the literature, it was observed that the absorption of heavy hydrocarbon fraction is favored by lowering the temperature. Moreover, both temperature and flowrate favors mass transfer (kinetic effect). The absorption kinetics for removal of heavy components was monitored by chromatographic analysis and the experimental results demonstrated a high percentage of recovery of heavy components. Furthermore, it was observed that the use of octyl alcohol as absorbent was feasible for the requested separation process.
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