A determinação de estruturas tridimensionais de quelatos com metais pesados e de alguns potencialmente úteis agentes quelantes, é uma ferramenta muito importante no estudo de complexos que poderão agir como antídotos na intoxicação por ingestão de metais pesados. Um conhecimento detalhado destes complexos é exigido para auxiliar na modelagem de estruturas moleculares e na determinação de procedimentos que sejam mais efetivos na neutralização dos processos, desenvolvidos por indivíduos com intoxicação crônica por metais pesados. Aqui serão reportados os resultados de um estudo sistemático de complexos [TlMe2L], onde L = 2-mercapto-3-piridina ácido carboxílico (I), 6-mercapto-3-piridinametoxicarboxilato (II), 2-mercapto-3-piridina-metoxicarboxilato (III), 6-mercapto-3-piridina-etoxicarboxilato (IV) e 2-mercapto-3-piridina-etoxicarboxilato (V). O estudo dos arranjos supramoleculares destes complexos mostra que, apesar das diferenças na simetria dos grupos espaciais e os substituintes nos ligantes, o empacotamento no cristal são similares. Os complexos formam polimeros infinitos em uma, duas e três dimensões, baseadas em interações TI - S, T1 - N e T1 - O e ligações de hidrogênio. Existem várias formas de correções dos dados de difração de raios X em monocristais. Durante o processamento das intensidades coletadas realizam-se várias correções, tais como de Lorentz, polarização, absorção e eventualmente correção por deterioração da amostra. A correção por absorção é fortemente recomendada para cristais que possuem fortes absorvedores em sua forma estrutural. Foram estudados os efeitos da absorção dos raios X em amostras cristalinas e uma comparação dos resultados obtidos ao aplicar os diferentes métodos de correções por absorção disponíveis. Constatou-se que após serem realizados diferentes formas de correção por absorção, houve diferenças significativas nas figuras de mérito, picos e vales de densidade de carga residual e parâmetros de deslocamentos anisotrópicos. Já nos ângulos e distâncias de ligações não foram observados mudanças significativas. / The determination of the three-dimensional structures of heavy-metal chelates and of some potentially useful chelating agents is a very important to01 in the study of complexes that may act as antidotes against poisoning by ingestion of heavy metals. A detailed knowledge of these complexes is expected to assist in the design of molecular structures and procedures that are more effective in counteracting the life threatening processes inevitably developed by individuals with chronic heavy-metal intoxication. Within this framework a series of dimethylthallium(III) complexes were studied. Here we present complexes of the type [TlMe2L], where L=2-mercapto-3- pyridine carboxylic acid(I), 6-mercapto-3-pyridine-methoxycarboxylate(II), 2-mercapto-3-pyridine-methoxycarboxylate(III), 6-mercapto-3-pyridineethoxycarboxylate(IV) and 2-mercapto-3-pyridine-ethoxycarboxylate(V). The study of the supramolecular arrangement of these complexes shows that, in spite of the differences in space group symmetry and substituents in the ligand, the crystals packing are remarkably similar. The complexes form infinite polymers in one, two and three dimensions, based upon TI-S, T1-0 e T1-N covalent bonds and intermolecular secondary interactions. The complexes also present strong hydrogen bond intermolecular interactions. There are many forms of corrections to the data collected in a single crystal X-ray diffration experiment. During the data reduction many corrections take place, such as: Lorentz, polarization, absorption and eventualy corrections for the deterioration of the sample. The absorption correction is strongly recommended for crystals with strong absorbers in its structural form. The effect of the absorption of the X rays has been studied in crystalline samples, as well as a comparison between the result obtained from the different available methods of absorption corrections. This work that showed different forms of absorption correction, made significant differences in the merit figures, peak and hole of residual charge density, as well as the anisotropic displacements parameters. Bonds distances and angles, on the other hand, did not change significantly.

A determinação de estruturas tridimensionais de quelatos com metais pesados e de alguns potencialmente úteis agentes quelantes, é uma ferramenta muito importante no estudo de complexos que poderão agir como antídotos na intoxicação por ingestão de metais pesados. Um conhecimento detalhado destes complexos é exigido para auxiliar na modelagem de estruturas moleculares e na determinação de procedimentos que sejam mais efetivos na neutralização dos processos, desenvolvidos por indivíduos com intoxicação crônica por metais pesados. Aqui serão reportados os resultados de um estudo sistemático de complexos [TlMe2L], onde L = 2-mercapto-3-piridina ácido carboxílico (I), 6-mercapto-3-piridinametoxicarboxilato (II), 2-mercapto-3-piridina-metoxicarboxilato (III), 6-mercapto-3-piridina-etoxicarboxilato (IV) e 2-mercapto-3-piridina-etoxicarboxilato (V). O estudo dos arranjos supramoleculares destes complexos mostra que, apesar das diferenças na simetria dos grupos espaciais e os substituintes nos ligantes, o empacotamento no cristal são similares. Os complexos formam polimeros infinitos em uma, duas e três dimensões, baseadas em interações TI - S, T1 - N e T1 - O e ligações de hidrogênio. Existem várias formas de correções dos dados de difração de raios X em monocristais. Durante o processamento das intensidades coletadas realizam-se várias correções, tais como de Lorentz, polarização, absorção e eventualmente correção por deterioração da amostra. A correção por absorção é fortemente recomendada para cristais que possuem fortes absorvedores em sua forma estrutural. Foram estudados os efeitos da absorção dos raios X em amostras cristalinas e uma comparação dos resultados obtidos ao aplicar os diferentes métodos de correções por absorção disponíveis. Constatou-se que após serem realizados diferentes formas de correção por absorção, houve diferenças significativas nas figuras de mérito, picos e vales de densidade de carga residual e parâmetros de deslocamentos anisotrópicos. Já nos ângulos e distâncias de ligações não foram observados mudanças significativas. / The determination of the three-dimensional structures of heavy-metal chelates and of some potentially useful chelating agents is a very important to01 in the study of complexes that may act as antidotes against poisoning by ingestion of heavy metals. A detailed knowledge of these complexes is expected to assist in the design of molecular structures and procedures that are more effective in counteracting the life threatening processes inevitably developed by individuals with chronic heavy-metal intoxication. Within this framework a series of dimethylthallium(III) complexes were studied. Here we present complexes of the type [TlMe2L], where L=2-mercapto-3- pyridine carboxylic acid(I), 6-mercapto-3-pyridine-methoxycarboxylate(II), 2-mercapto-3-pyridine-methoxycarboxylate(III), 6-mercapto-3-pyridineethoxycarboxylate(IV) and 2-mercapto-3-pyridine-ethoxycarboxylate(V). The study of the supramolecular arrangement of these complexes shows that, in spite of the differences in space group symmetry and substituents in the ligand, the crystals packing are remarkably similar. The complexes form infinite polymers in one, two and three dimensions, based upon TI-S, T1-0 e T1-N covalent bonds and intermolecular secondary interactions. The complexes also present strong hydrogen bond intermolecular interactions. There are many forms of corrections to the data collected in a single crystal X-ray diffration experiment. During the data reduction many corrections take place, such as: Lorentz, polarization, absorption and eventualy corrections for the deterioration of the sample. The absorption correction is strongly recommended for crystals with strong absorbers in its structural form. The effect of the absorption of the X rays has been studied in crystalline samples, as well as a comparison between the result obtained from the different available methods of absorption corrections. This work that showed different forms of absorption correction, made significant differences in the merit figures, peak and hole of residual charge density, as well as the anisotropic displacements parameters. Bonds distances and angles, on the other hand, did not change significantly.

The commercial polycrystalline superalloy RR1000 developed for turbine disc applications contains a large number of alloying elements. This complex alloy chemistry is required in order to produce appropriate microstructures and the required mechanical properties, such that the most important strengthener γʹ displays complex alloy chemistry. The broad aim of this project is to develop an approach to measuring the composition of γʹ precipitates at a broad range of length scales from nanometres to hundreds of nanometres, and subsequently develop a better understanding of the role of thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics on γʹ phase separation and precipitate growth. A solution of the absorption-corrected EDX spectroscopy to spherical particles was developed in our work, therefore enabling the quantitative analysis of precipitates' composition using an absorption-corrected Cliff-Lorimer approach. By performing this quantification, size-dependent precipitate compositional variations were obtained. Examination of this quantitative approach was compared to thermodynamic calculations of primary γ' precipitates possessing equilibrium compositions. Given the development of semi-quantitative compositional measurements for spherical γʹ precipitates and that cooling is one of the most common and critical regimes in physical metallurgy of Ni-based superalloys, this approach was then applied to study the local compositional variations that are induced in γ' precipitates when the alloy RR1000 undergoes different cooling rates. These measured compositions have been compared to detailed thermodynamic calculations and provide new experimental evidence of the importance of the dominant role of aluminium antisite diffusion in determining the low-temperature growth kinetics of fine-scale γ' precipitates. We have applied a similar analysis approach to study the compositional variations of γʹ cores within the class of secondary precipitates upon cyclic coarsening and reversal coarsening. It was shown that supersaturated Co in secondary γʹ exhibits an overall trend towards the equilibrium but Co content can significantly increase as γʹ coarsens. It was demonstrated that the limited elemental diffusivity in γ and γʹ compared to the observed coarsening rate in the coarsening regime results in the long-lasting Co supersaturation in γʹ and builds up elemental enhancements or depletions. These inhomogeneous elemental distributions produce compressive elastic constraints on large-scale secondary γʹ, therefore inducing morphological instability of these γʹ and causing the reversal coarsening. These results enable us to better understand the role that both thermodynamics and limited diffusion kinetics plays in controlling the complex microstructures of γ' precipitates.