Up to 87% of the world’s wetlands have been destroyed, considerably reducing ecosystem services these wetlands once provided. More recently, many wetlands are being restored in an attempt to regain their ecosystem service. This study seeks to determine the effects of restored wetlands on local bat habitat use. Bat activity was found to be significantly higher around the wetlands when compared to distant grassy fields; however, no significant difference was found among the restored wetlands and a remote cattle farm containing multiple water features. Geospatial models of bat distribution and bat foraging were produced using machine learning that showed higher habitat suitability and foraging activity around restored wetlands than around distant grassy fields, suggesting that wetlands provide vital habitat for insectivorous bats. This study demonstrates that restored wetlands promote bat activity and bat foraging, and restoring wetlands may be a useful means of increasing natural pest control over nearby farmlands.

Within managed pine forest systems, a plethora of bird species exist throughout the lifecycle of a stand akin to what may be experienced through post-disturbance regeneration in a natural forest system. I sought to address how breeding avian communities shift across time in response to stand aging and forest management, evaluate species-specific responses to stand conditions, investigate the responses of at-risk avian species to forest management, and determine avian non-breeding, over-wintering presence in a managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forest. I conducted breeding bird point count and vegetation surveys within five stands of privately owned and managed pine forest in Mississippi, each of which was split into quadrants with different management strategies implemented. I designed and executed night surveys for Chuck-will’s-widow (Antrostomus carolinensis). Lastly, I conducted winter bird banding to explore over-wintering diversity, dietary isotope assimilation, and parasite prevalence. I found evidence that the avian community shifted in response to forest stage and structure, with differences created by management practices and forest succession. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) intercropping allowed some grassland and early successional species to remain in forest stands with closing canopies longer than in plots with standard management, with few diversity differences between treatments. Abundance of Chuck-will’s-widow was found to relate positively with the percent cover of early successional forest stands, those which were recently harvested and replanted and were in a pine-grassland state. Over-wintering bird species richness remained relatively low, and capture rates were consistently greatest in a young open canopy stand, which contained a higher level of vegetation structure and plant abundance when compared to three older stands. This represents a limited number of studies where investigations into bird community responses to forest management took place in the same forest stands across a long temporal period. Managers in forest systems should consider the implications of management undertaken at different stages in the rotational lifetime of a forest stand. To focus on conservation of priority bird species, managers should increase heterogeneity by maintaining or creating pine-grassland and early successional forest conditions within forest stands while also ensuring stands of various ages exist concurrently within the forest ecosystem.