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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Propriedades magnéticas de filmes multicamadas Gd/W e Gd/Cr depositados por sputtering / Magnetic properties of Gd / W and Gd / Cr multilayer films deposited by sputtering

Fischer, Giovana Zanini Gadioli, 1980- 18 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Marco Antonio Bica de Moraes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T19:35:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fischer_GiovanaZaniniGadioli_D.pdf: 32265979 bytes, checksum: f410dfb24adff86c43498027515957c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, a técnica de magnetron-sputtering foi empregada para fabricar filmes multicamadas de Gd/W e Gd/Cr, cujas propriedades magnéticas foram investigadas em função da espessura das camadas de Gd, dGd, e da temperatura do substrato, TS, durante a deposição. Espectroscopia de retroespalhamento Rutherford e espectroscopia fotoeletrônica de raios-x foram utilizadas, respectivamente, para detectar possível contaminação de oxigênio e para verificar a continuidade da camada de Gd sobre W e Cr. Difratometria de raios-X de baixo ângulo (GAXRD) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foram empregadas para investigar a estrutura cristalina e morfologia das amostras. As análises de GAXRD mostraram que nas amostras Gd/W as camadas de Gd são amorfas. Nas amostras Gd/Cr, entretanto, a cristalinidade do Gd aumenta com o aumento de dGd e TS. Pelas medidas de MEV foi visto que os filmes de Gd tanto sobre W quanto Cr são granulares. Para investigar as propriedades magnéticas utilizamos um magnetômetro SQUID e um PPMS. O primeiro foi utilizado para as medidas de momento magnético em função do campo estático, Hdc, e da temperatura, T. O PPMS foi utilizado nas investigações de susceptibilidade magnética ac em função de T, medidas em diferentes frequências de oscilação do campo e diferentes Hdc. A complexa natureza magnética dos filmes com dGd = 10 nm foi observada através das isotermas M x H, que não apresentaram saturação, para a maioria das amostras, nem mesmo em baixas temperaturas e altos campos. Pela análise dos dados magnéticos em função da temperatura, observamos que o caráter ferromagnético nas amostras se acentua à medida que TS e dGd aumentam. A temperatura de Curie, TC, também depende de TS e dGd, aumenta de 247 a 297 K com o aumento dos dois últimos parâmetros. A partir das isotermas M x H o momento magnético de saturação a 0 K foi calculado, e ele mostrou-se dependente de TS. A existência de vidros magnéticos nas amostras com dGd = 10 nm foi fortemente sugerida pelos resultados obtidos de magnetização e susceptibilidade ac, ambas em função de T. Para filmes com dGd = 10 nm, o efeito magnetocalórico foi investigado através da variação de entropia magnética, ?SM, em função da temperatura, para a remoção de um campo de 50 kOe. Curva de ?SM x T para as amostras Gd/Cr com TS = 300 e 500 ºC exibiram picos a alta temperatura denotando ferromagnetismo. Por outro lado, a amostra Gd/Cr depositada a 30ºC e todos os filme Gd/W não apresentaram nenhum pico em ?SM x T, indicando ausência ou baixa quantidade da fase ferromagnética. Todas as medidas são consistentes em indicar múltiplas fases magnéticas nas amostras e temperaturas de transição. Uma forte consistência entre as medidas magnéticas, GAXRD e MEV é verificada / Abstract: Direct current magnetron sputtering was used to synthetize Gd/W and Gd/Cr multilayer films, whose magnetic properties were investigated as a function of the Gd layer thickness, dGd, and the substrate temperature, TS, during deposition. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed, respectively, to detect possible oxygen contamination and to check the continuity of the coverage of the Gd layers on top of those of W and Cr. Grazing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the crystalline structure and the morphology of the samples. The GAXRD analyses have shown that in the Gd/W samples the Gd layers are amorphous. In the Gd/Cr samples, however, Gd is crystalline. In these samples, the Gd crystalline order increases with increasing TS and dGd. From the SEM analysis, it was found that the Gd layers in either Gd/W or Gd/Cr samples were granular. To investigate the magnetic properties of the films, SQUID and PPMS magnetometries were used. With the former technique, the magnetic moments of the samples were measured as a function of a dc magnetic field, Hdc, and temperature, T. By PPMS, alternating magnetic fields, superimposed by different Hdc fields were used. The moments were measured as a function of T, Hdc and the frequency of the alternating field. The complex magnetic nature of the films with dGd = 10 nm was observed from the M x H isotherms, which did not show, for most of the samples, saturation even at high magnetic films and low temperatures. From the magnetic data as a function of temperature, it was observed that ferromagnetic character of the samples is enhanced as dGd and TS were increased. The Curie temperature, TC, also depends on TS and dGd as it increases from 247 to 297 K as the latter variables are increased. From the M x H isotherms the saturation magnetic moment at 0 K was determined, and it was observed that it depends on TS. The existence of magnetic glass states in samples with dGd = 10 nm was strongly suggested from both magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements as a function of T. For films with dGd = 10 nm, the magnetocaloric effect was investigated by the magnetic entropy change, ?SM, as a function of the temperature for the removal of a 50 kOe field. The ?SM x T plots for the Gd/Cr samples deposited at TS = 300 and 500 ºC exhibited high temperature peaks denoting ferromagnetism. On the other hand, for the Gd/Cr sample deposited at 30 ºC and for the all the Gd/W samples, such peaks were not seen, indicating the absence, or low-content, ferromagnetic phase. All magnetic measurements are consistent in indicating multiple magnetic phases in the samples and magnetic transition temperatures. A strong consistency among the magnetic and the GAXRD and SEM observations was also verified / Doutorado / Física da Matéria Condensada / Doutora em Ciências

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