La question de l’accès à l’eau potable se pose avec acuité pour les pays de la régionsubsaharienne où un individu sur trois n’a pas accès à une source d’eau améliorée.L’objectif de cette thèse vise à définir les conditions d’une gestion durable de l'eau pourla ville de Djibouti. Dans ce contexte, la question de l'approvisionnement en eau estenvisagée dans une perspective patrimoniale afin de tenir compte des particularités dela ressource en zone aride et des usages spécifiques qui lui sont associés dans unenvironnement marqué par la pauvreté. Un apport majeur de la thèse réside d'une partdans l’analyse du contenu d’une politique durable de l'eau à Djibouti en présenced’inadéquation entre l’offre et la demande de l’eau et, d'autre part, des implications decette politique en termes de tarification de la ressource selon les usages mais aussi enterme de répartition plus équitable de l'eau au sein de la population. La première partiede la thèse s’intéresse à l’étude de la disponibilité de cette ressource rare à travers sonmode de gestion ainsi qu’à sa mesure à l’aide d’indicateurs. Elle propose également uncadre d’analyse de la ressource en resituant les principaux concepts utiles à ladéfinition d’une gestion durable de l’eau. La seconde partie met l’accent sur l’analysedes déterminants de la demande en eau et des choix en matière d’approvisionnementpour Djibouti-ville. Pour ce faire, elle s’appuie sur une étude économétrique réalisée àpartir d’enquêtes auprès d’un échantillon de 400 ménages. L’estimation d’un modèleprobit multivarié permet de considérer que le choix d’être raccordé à un branchement àdomicile dépend des caractéristiques socio-économiques du ménage. Cette thèseapporte des résultats originaux sur l’accès à l’eau des ménages et montre en particulierle rôle joué par des facteurs tels que le revenu, la taille de la famille ou le niveaud’éducation du chef de famille dans les choix opérés par les ménages. / The issue of access to drinking water is one which is of paramount importance for thecountries of the sub-Saharan region where one individual out of three does not haveaccess to a water source. The aim of this thesis is to determine the conditions ofsustainable water management for the city of Djibouti. In this context, the issue ofwater supply is considered from an asset perspective in order to take into considerationthe peculiarities of this resource in a dry zone and its uses in particular in anenvironment marked by poverty. The main contribution of this thesis lies not only inthe analysis of the content of a sustainable water policy in Djibouti at a time when isthere is discrepancy between supply and demand, but also with an examination of theimplications of such a policy in terms of the pricing of this resource based on both itslevel of use and on a more even distribution within the population. The first part of thisthesis deals with an analysis of the access to this scarce resource according to how it ismanaged and measured with the help of indicators. A framework is then developedwith the help of some main concepts that are useful for defining a sustainablemanagement of water. The second part emphasizes the study of the determinants ofdemands in water and the choices in terms of the supply for Djibouti-city by using aneconometric study based on investigations into a sample of 400 households. Theassessment of multivariate probit model allows taking into account the connection of ahousehold to the service depends on its socio-economic markers. This thesis generatenew findings about household access to water supply and highlights the extent towhich such factor as income, the household size or the level of education of the head ofthe family influence the choices made by the household.

This dissertation seeks to understand the influence of global logic in local policies connected to water resources. In order to do so, observation was carried on perspectives of access to water as a human right and as an asset with economic value, examining in which ways present international outlook on the matter was introduced into national and state water resources normative policies, specially when it comes to anti-drought measures applied to Brazilian’s Northeast Semi-arid, with a highlight to the study of the Canal do Sertão Alagoano [Alagoas’ Hinterland Canal]. The methodology used was based mainly on bibliographical revision, encompassing three distinct phases: exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. The method brought by Clarissa D’Isep was also used, by means of the study of the hydronormative cycle, which comprises social-economical and political-juridical aspects. In the end, it was possible to ascertain that despite the Government official speech posing Canal do Sertão as a means to ensure protection to the human right to access to water, historical precedents show that such endeavour is not bound to protect local population’s dignity because the concept of human dignity is wider than the aspect of access to water only as means to quench thirst, also encompassing the possibility of social and economical development by access to water, which could only be achieved, in this case, by social restructure of the region. / O presente trabalho busca compreender a influência da lógica global nas políticas ligadas aos recursos hídricos em âmbito local. Para tanto foram observadas as perspectivas do acesso à água como direito humano e como bem dotado de valor econômico, com o fim de examinar os paralelos entre a visão internacional predominante e as políticas nacional e estadual (alagoana) de recursos hídricos, principalmente no que se refere às medidas antisseca empregadas no semiárido nordestino, com destaque para o estudo do Canal do Sertão alagoano. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se, predominantemente, em pesquisa bibliográfica, compreendendo três fases distintas – exploratória, descritiva e explicativa - , tendo-se utilizado em função do objeto o método de análise do ciclo hidronormativo de Clarissa D’Isep, aplicado ao Canal do Sertão. Constatou-se que apesar dos discursos governamentais apresentarem o Canal do Sertão como meio para garantir a proteção ao direito humano ao acesso à água, é possível que isto não ocorra, dada a perspectiva trazida por obra semelhante, a problemática ligada a socioeconomia da região e os vários aspectos controversos da obra. Isto tendo em vista a compreensão de que a dignidade humana não comporta apenas a ideia de sobrevivência através do acesso à água exclusivamente para matar a sede, mas também deve ser observada a partir da possibilidade de desenvolvimento (econômico e social), o que, no caso concreto, somente é possível com a reestruturação social da região.

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