La incidencia de lesiones accidentales en menores de edad se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, revelando cifras alarmantes, al respecto se han realizado escasas investigaciones que indagan incidencia y factores asociados; este estudio titulado “Prácticas de las madres sobre prevención de lesiones más accidentales en niños de 2 a 5 años de edad en un establecimiento de Essalud de la Red Asistencial Rebagliati. Noviembre. 2015” tiene como objetivo principal determinar si las prácticas que realizan las madres en el hogar son seguras para evitar la ocurrencia de dichas lesiones: caídas, quemaduras e intoxicaciones. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel aplicativo y de corte transversal; cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 43 madres de niños de 2 a 5 años que demandaban atención en el Policlínico “Los Próceres” en el distrito de Santiago de Surco, Lima. Dichas madres respondieron a un cuestionario establecido como instrumento de recolección, teniendo como técnica, la encuesta. Los hallazgos de la presente investigación denotan que el 47% de madres refirió llevar a cabo prácticas medianamente seguras para reducir y evitar el acontecimiento de algún tipo de lesión accidental en sus hogares. Dentro de las conclusiones cabe destacar que las madres de los niños refirieron mayoritariamente que llevan a cabo prácticas moderadamente seguras para la prevención de lesiones accidentales en el hogar. Asimismo al análisis individual de cada tipo de lesión: caída, quemaduras e intoxicaciones, los porcentajes son similares; ya que el mayor número de madres manifestó accionar de forma medianamente segura para evitar que sus hijos sufran caídas y quemaduras; mientras que otro grupo en un porcentaje altamente significativo expresó aplicar prácticas seguras para reducir la incidencia de intoxicaciones en sus hogares. Contexto bajo el cual enfatiza en la necesidad que desde los servicios de salud, especialmente del primer nivel de atención se desarrollen estrategias orientadas a fortalecer la capacidad de las madres y/o agente de cuidado para reducir los factores de riesgo ambientales contribuyendo a disminuir la incidencia de lesiones accidentales del niño en el hogar. Palabras claves: lesiones accidentales en menores de edad, prácticas sobre prevención de lesiones accidentales y lesiones accidentales más frecuentes. / --- The incident of accidental injuries in minors has increased in the last decades so much on the national level like internationally, revealing alarming numbers, in the matter there have been realized scanty investigations that investigate incident and associate factors; this qualified study " Practices of the mothers on prevention of more accidental injuries in children from 2 to 5 years of age in EsSalud's establishment of the Welfare Network Rebagliati. November. 2015 ". It has as principal aim determine if the practices that the mothers realize in the home are sure to avoid the occurrence of the above mentioned injuries: falls, burns and poisonings. It is a question of a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, of applicative level and of transverse court; whose sample was shaped by 43 mothers of children from 2 to 5 years that were demanding attention in the Polyclinic “Los Próceres¨ in the district of Santiago de Surco, Lima. The above mentioned mothers answered to a questionnaire established as instrument of compilation, having as technology, the survey. Inside the conclusions it is necessary to emphasize that the mothers of the children recounted for the most part that carry out practices moderately sure for the prevention of accidental injuries in the home. Likewise to the individual analysis of every type of injury: fall, burns and poisonings, the percentages are similar; since the major number of mothers demonstrated to gesticulate of moderately sure form to prevent his children from suffering falls and burns; whereas another group in a highly significant percentage expressed to apply sure practices to reduce the incident of poisonings in his homes. Context under which he emphasizes the need that from the services of health, specially of the first level of attention strategies develop orientated when strengthen the capacity of the mothers and / or agent of care to reduce the environmental factors of risk helping to diminish the incident of accidental injuries of the child in the home. Key Words: Accidental injuries, Practices about accidental injuries in children and types of accidental injuries.

Chan Sieu Gaen. / Year shown on spine: 1997. / Questionnaries in Chinese and English. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references. / Acknowledgement / List of tables --- p.i / Abstract --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.0 --- Demographic changes of the population / Chapter 2.0 --- Falls / Chapter 2.1 --- Significance of the problem / Chapter 2.2 --- Physical consequences of falls / Chapter 2.3 --- Psychological consequences of falls / Chapter 2.4 --- Impact on health services / Chapter 2.5 --- Mortality / Chapter 2.6 --- Economic consequences / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Risk factors for falls --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- Environmental hazards and circumstances of falls / Chapter 2.2 --- Social demographic factors / Chapter 2.3 --- Health status / Chapter 2.4 --- History of falls / Chapter 2.5 --- Mental/Depression / Chapter 2.6 --- Health behavior / Chapter 2.7 --- Bone mass and anthropometric factors / Chapter 2.8 --- Risk factors for multiple falls / Chapter 2.9 --- Fall injuries / Chapter 2.10 --- Additive effects of risk factors / Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Limitation of previous studies, objectives and study methods" --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1 --- Hospital reports and instiutional-based studies / Chapter 3.2 --- Study design / Chapter 3.3 --- Selection of subjects / Chapter 3.4 --- Classification and definition of falls / Chapter 3.5 --- Studies on falls in Hong Kong / Chapter 3.6 --- Hong Kong study / Chapter 3.7 --- Study methods / Chapter 3.8 --- Data collection / Chapter 3.9 --- Data analysis / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Characteristics of respondents and distribution of falls --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1 --- Characteristics of respondents / Chapter 4.2 --- Proportion of fallers and rate of falls / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Circumstances and consequences of falls --- p.65 / Chapter 5.1 --- Time and place of falls / Chapter 5.2 --- Activity during and reasons for falls / Chapter 5.3 --- Predisposing factors for falls / Chapter 5.4 --- Consequences of falls / Chapter 5.5 --- Discussion / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Characteristics of fallers and nonfallers --- p.85 / Chapter 6.1 --- Sociodemographic characteristics / Chapter 6.2 --- Health status / Chapter 6.3 --- Health behavior / Chapter 6.4 --- Bone mass and body measurements / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Risk factors associated with fallers --- p.99 / Chapter 7.1 --- Risk factors for fallers (including single and multiple) / Chapter 7.2 --- Multiple fallers / Chapter 7.3 --- Risk factors for single and multiple fallers (vs. non- fallers) / Chapter 7.4 --- Comparison of risk factors associated with major injurious falls vs. those with non-major injurious falls / Chapter 7.5 --- Independent predictors of fallers / Chapter 7.6 --- The additive effects of independent risk factors / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Discussion on risk factors associated with falls --- p.131 / Chapter 8.1 --- Social demographic factors and falls / Chapter 8.2 --- Acute illnesses/chronic diseases / Chapter 8.3 --- Medical consultation and hospitalization / Chapter 8.4 --- History of falls / Chapter 8.5 --- Perceived health status and ADL / Chapter 8.6 --- Mental status / Chapter 8.7 --- Health behavior / Chapter 8.8 --- Physical measurement and neuromuscular impairment / Chapter 8.9 --- Vision / Chapter 8.10 --- Medications / Chapter 8.11 --- Fallers with occasional falls/multiple falls / Chapter 8.12 --- Additive effect of risk factors / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Conclusion and recommendations --- p.147 / Chapter 9.1 --- Summary of findings / Chapter 9.2 --- Confirmation of risk factors found in baseline cross-sectional study / Chapter 9.3 --- Limitation of the present study / Chapter 9.4 --- Strength of the present study / Chapter 9.5 --- Recommendations on areas for further research / Chapter 9.6 --- Recommendations on prevention and intervention measures / References --- p.155 / Appendix / Calculation of sample size --- p.1 / Pooled logistic regression analysis on risk factors associated with falls --- p.2 / Baseline questionnaire --- p.3 / First follow-up questionnaire --- p.4 / Fall ascertainment questionnaire --- p.5

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Accidentally killing or feeling responsible for another person’s death constitutes a traumatic event that is unique from any other traumatic stressor. Considering the frequency of incidents such as deaths resulting from road traffic accidents (RTAs), it is surprising that the academic literature regarding those who have accidentally killed is almost none existent. This study therefore aimed to gain an insight into the lived experiences of drivers who have caused an accidental death. Five participants were recruited through an on-line advertisement; all were drivers directly involved in a RTA that occurred suddenly, unexpectedly, without planning or intention and resulted in the death of a person. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to analyse data collected through semistructured interviews. Three main themes emerged from the participants’ accounts: trying to make sense of a life changing moment; struggling to cope with the trauma of causing a death and a changed sense of self. These findings are discussed in relation to the relevant literature. Clinical implications, methodological limitations and directions for future research are presented. The study provides a valuable insight for any professional working with people who have caused, or feel responsible for, an accidental death. It is hoped that this study will be a catalyst for discussion and future research.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / The objective of this project was to review skeletal survey reports and examine the differences in reporting of non-accidental trauma in patients with similar radiological findings. The overall purpose of this project is to develop a standardized reporting system for radiological findings suspicious for non-accidental trauma. Ten years’ worth of skeletal survey reports were obtained on over 1,500 pediatric patients. These reports were individually reviewed and their findings were categorized in a table separating findings suspicious for non-accidental trauma. After data collection, analysis was completed to inspect the consistency of reports amongst studies with similar fractures specifying non-accidental trauma. The comparison was made between reports containing long bone fractures, metaphyseal corner fractures, rib fractures, or any combination of these. It was concluded that there are inconsistencies in reporting of non-accidental trauma in reports with similar patterns of these fractures. We propose a Skeletal Survey – Reporting and Data System (SS-RADS) score which will help radiologist standardize their reporting methods for more consistent interpretations and clinical outcomes.

This dissertation focuses on a human operator's ability to perform rotational control of a three-dimensional object using two-degrees of freedom (DOF) interface devices. Although input devices designed specifically for 3D interaction exist, devices traditionally used for two-dimensional user interaction, such as a mouse or joystick, have become ubiquitous to computer tasks. This research examines a particular human-computer interaction issue that arises from stimulus-response compatibility between three-dimensional stimuli spaces and 2-DOF response sets. The focal point of this research is a phenomenon referred to here as accidental inversion. Accidental inversions occur when an operator erroneously moves a three-dimensional object in a direction opposite than was intended. Thus, the effect of accidental inversion results from a mismatch between the operator's intended and actual input. A key assumption in diagnosing the causal factors involved in the accidental inversion effect is contribution from both internal (i.e., having to do with the individual) and external (i.e., having to do with the environment) influences. Three experiments were conducted to study accidental inversion. The first examined population stereotype, a measure of a target population's natural response tendencies to particular stimuli for a particular task. Results indicated a strong population stereotype for horizontal rotations (i.e., yaw) and weak stereotype for vertical rotations (i.e., pitch). This effect was mediated by whether the task was in the context of flight or ground-based movement. The second experiment analyzed the subjective preference for two opposite input-response (I-R) mappings (i.e., how the system responds to different input into the controlling device) for a task requiring control over vertical rotation. Results indicated that subjective preferences for I-R mappings were not heavily polarized. The third experiment also focused on vertical rotational control and examined how subjective preference for a particular I-R mapping affected performance. Furthermore, this experiment also examined performance when interference was introduced in the form of a temporary interruption where the participant had to conduct the task using an opposite I-R mapping. Results indicated that, upon being interrupted with the opposite I-R mapping, the group who used the mapping they subjectively preferred did worse than the group who used the mapping they did not prefer. This research has implications for the design of human-machine systems requiring human-in-the-loop three-dimensional rotational control. Some human-machine systems can have significant consequences from even a single mistake caused by a human-operator accidentally providing the wrong input. Findings from this research lead to two primary recommendations to the design of human-machine systems: a) an easily accessible and clearly indicated method to select input-response mapping which is provided before beginning the actual task, b) be informed of the current input-response mapping in use.

More than 50% of people with MS fall in any six-month period. The importance of developing a suitable falls management programme has been identified by people with MS and professionals. This thesis aimed to develop a model for an MS falls intervention. The studies employed a systematic approach to evaluate the risk factors for falls and to identify the optimal programme content, format and structure. Methods The thesis comprises two sections; the first involving a systematic review and an observational study of falls risk factors (n=148). Part two included a second systematic review to inform programme content, and a nominal group study (n=36) to explore approach, format and structure from the perspective of key stakeholders. Results Part one identified the potential target group (people at key mobility transition stages and those with progressive MS), and mechanisms by which the intervention could act (the identification of specific risk factors associated with falls in MS). These include non-modifiable disease and demographic characteristics (e.g. MS classification and gender), and potentially modifiable clinical characteristics (including balance, mobility, continence issues and medication usage). Part two identified that an MS specific falls programme should address falls and participation-related outcomes, incorporating educational activities and a programme of individually tailored gait, balance and functional training. The programme should use a collaborative approach; supporting participants to achieve sufficient intensity and duration of exercise and to integrate falls prevention strategies into their daily lives. The programme should enable participants to engage flexibly according to individual needs and preferences. Conclusions This thesis has identified specific risk factors associated with accidental falls in MS. The evaluation indicates that the success and sustainability of an MS falls programme requires that it is MS specific, employs a collaborative approach and moves away from the group-based, weekly format common to many generic falls programmes.

No description available.

Falling significantly affects quality of life, morbidity, and mortality among older adults. We sought to evaluate the prospective association between sedentary time, physical activity, and falling among post-menopausal women aged 50-79 years recruited to the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study between 1993 and 1998 from 40 clinical centers across the United States. Baseline (B) and change in each of the following were evaluated at year 3 (Y3) and year 6 (Y6; baseline n= 93,676; Y3 n= 76,598; Y6 n= 75,428): recreational physical activity (MET-h/wk), sitting, sleeping (min/day), and lean body mass by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (subset N= 6475). Falls per year (0, 1, 2, >= 3) were assessed annually by self-report questionnaire and then dichotomized as = 1 and = 2 falls/year. Logistic regression models were adjusted for demographics, body mass index, fall history, tobacco and alcohol use, medical conditions, and medications. Higher baseline activity was associated with greater risk of falling at Y6 (18%; p for trend <0.0001). Increasing sedentary time minimally decreased falling (1% Y3; 2% Y6; p < 0.05). Increasing activity up to >= 9 MET-h/wk. (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22) or maintaining >= 9 MET-h/wk. (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.13-1.29) increased falling at Y3 and Y6 (p for trend <0.001). Adding lean body mass to the models attenuated these relationships. Physically active lifestyles increased falling among post-menopausal women. Additional fall prevention strategies, such as balance and resistance training, should be evaluated to assist post-menopausal women in reaching or maintaining levels of aerobic activity known to prevent and manage several chronic diseases.

Aim To investigate the epidemiology of unintentional fall-related injuries at home among young and middle-aged adults (25 to 59 years) and to investigate the contribution of alcohol to these injuries. Methods Routinely collected national fall injury data were analysed to describe the incidence and characteristics of falls at home resulting in death or hospital inpatient treatment among this age group in New Zealand. A systematic review of the published literature evaluated the epidemiological evidence quantifying the risk of falls associated with acute and usual alcohol consumption in this age group. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Auckland, New Zealand over a 12-month period. Cases were 335 people aged 25 to 59 years who were admitted to hospital or died as a result of unintentional non-occupational falls at home. Controls were 352 people randomly selected from the electoral roll from the same age group as the cases. The participants or next-of-kin completed a structured interview to ascertain data on personal and lifestyle factors including alcohol consumption. Findings The review of national injury data found that almost a third of unintentional falls resulting in an in-patient admission among working-age people were recorded as occurring at home. For every death there were about 150 in-patient hospital admissions. The systematic review identified only a small number of studies but showed an increased risk of unintentional falls in this age group with increasing exposure to alcohol use. The magnitude of this risk varied considerably across studies with most estimates being relatively imprecise. There was modest evidence of a dose-response relationship with acute alcohol use. The association between usual alcohol use and fall risk was inconclusive. The case-control study revealed that after controlling for confounding, the consumption of two or more standard alcoholic drinks in the preceding six hours relative to none is associated with a significantly increased risk of fall-related injury. Approximately 21% of unintentional non-occupational falls at home in this population was attributed to this risk. No association between hazardous drinking as a usual pattern and falls was found when the analyses were adjusted for confounders. Conclusion A significant proportion of unintentional fall-related injuries among the working-aged New Zealanders occur at home. Consuming two or more drinks in the previous six hours was strongly associated with unintentional non-occupational falls at home that result in admission to hospital or death in this age group. This largely unrecognised problem should be addressed in further research and in falls prevention programmes.