This diploma thesis is about long-lived assets. The primary objective is to create the comprehensive view regarding specifics of initial measurement of production, plant and equipment and measurement of subsequent costs in accordance with IFRS in comparison of U. S. GAAP and czech accounting legislation. Specifics of measurement are based on kinds of acquisition. The diploma thesis is divided into three main sections. Features of long-lived asset according to IFRS, U. S. GAAP and czech accounting legislation are in the first section. The second section contains initial measurements of production, plant and equipment depended on types of acquisition primary in accordance with IFRS in comparison of U. S. GAAP and czech accounting legislation, one by one. The third section comprises measurement of subsequent costs.

The dissertation deals with the accounting aspects of assessing the financial health of a company with a focus on agriculture. The main objective of this study is to assess individual methods designed to evaluate the financial health of a company, to determine their sensitivity to risk data in accounting. The study is focused on the field of agriculture mainly as a result of knowledge about the difficult process of compiling and using agricultural accounting. Agriculture fall within the primary sector of the economy, is very important for landscaping and a lot of subsidies flow from the budget of state and the European Union. Due to the specifics and stated problematic areas, which cannot be fully captured by legislation, incomplete or distorted information is transmitted, being also transferred to the methods of the financial health assessment of the company. Attention is also paid to the influence of legislative changes on the values in accounting as well as creative accounting. Following the findings from the theoretical basis, the application part analyses the impact of different accounting solutions on the financial statements. A paired t-test, used for the analysis, was preceded by data normality testing using the histogram and Shapiro-Wilk test. According to these tests, statistically significant differences were found com-paring the current method of accounting used for investment subsidies and leases with the IFRS accounting, between the accounting of changes in inventories and capitalization before and after 1 January 2016, and in land valuation using historical cost and market price. All these areas influence the values of all the analysed methods of financial health assessment. Only the CH-index showed no statistically significant difference in land valuation and accounting solution of inventory activation and changes. Furthermore, the reliability and controllability of the selected methods used for the evaluation of financial health in the field of agriculture is assessed. According to the results, none of the evaluated models can be used in its original variant, but it is possible to use them to compare the company with similar enterprises or over time thanks to the proven dependence of partial indicators and even the whole models on the productivity. Another type of analysis is designed to determine the indicators that have a statistically significant impact on the actual financial situation of businesses. The method of generalized linear models - multinomial linear regression - is used for this test. To determine whether an enterprise is at risk or not, it would be possible to use the stock / income and short-term liabilities / income indicators, and the cash flow / assets indicator to determine the type of threat.

Nagrinėjama tema yra aktuali nes, dauguma Lietuvos įstatymų, reglamentuojančių apskaitą ir jos procesus yra nukreipti į mokestinį aspektą – mokesčių prievolės atsiradimą, nebuvimą, apskaičiavimą, o verslo apskaitos standartai nurodo gaires, skatina vertinti ne tik realiai patirtas sąnaudas bei uždirbtas pajamas, bet ir kitas operacijas, įvykius, kurie gali nulemti įmonės veiklą ir jos ateitį. Vykdant apskaitą Lietuvos Respublikoje ūkio subjektai privalo laikytis teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių apskaitą, tarp jų ir verslo apskaitos standartų. Apskaitos specialistai vesdami apskaitą dažnai susiduria su skirtumais tarp pelno mokesčio įstatymo ir verslo apskaitos standartų, tai didina jų darbo apimtis bei ūkio subjektų apskaitos kaštus, beto gali lemti finansinių ataskaitų iškraipymą. Tyrimo tikslas – tyrimas atliekamas siekiant išanalizuoti pagrindinius skirtumus bei nesutapimus tarp pelno mokesčio įstatymo bei verslo apskaitos standartų. Tyrimo metodai – mokslinių straipsnių, skirtingų literatūros šaltinių palyginamoji analizė, dokumentų analizė, statistinių duomenų analizė bei teisės aktų analizė. Atlikus išsamią palyginamąją analizę ir išnagrinėjus skirtumus tarp VAS bei PMĮ galime teigti, kad išsikelta hipotezė pasitvirtino. Skirtumai tarp LR PMĮ bei VAS lemia apskaitos kaštų didėjimą. Atliktas tyrimas patvirtino, kad finansinę apskaitą ir mokesčių apskaičiavimą reglamentuojantys aktai nėra tarpusavyje suderinti, o tai turi įtakos finansinių ataskaitų teisingumui. Magistro... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The present topic is relevant because the majority of Lithuanian laws, regulations and accounting processes are focused only on the tax issue - the presence and absence of the tax liability and the correct calculation. Other than the legislation of accounting in Lithuania, Business Accounting Standards provides guidance, induces that actual costs incurred and earned income should be taken into consideration, which are the main objectives which reflects business and its future. Entities which have business in Lithuania must comply with the law governing the accounts, including Business Accounting Standards. Accounting professionals often faces with the differences between the Lithuanian income tax law and Business Accounting Standards, which increases their cost of accounting procedures and reduces the optimization of time spent for the accounting. Furthermore, these discrepancies also lead to possible corruption of the financial statements. The main objective is to analyze the main differences and discrepancies between the Lithuanian income tax law and Business Accounting Standards. Research methods - scientific articles and various comparative literature analysis, document analysis, statistical analysis and legislative analysis. After careful comparative analysis of the differences between the Lithuanian income tax law and Business Accounting Standards, we can conclude that hypothesis was confirmed as an investigation confirmed that governing legislations are not... [to full text]

The title of this thesis is: Explanatory Power of Financial Statements Prepared in conditions of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Generally Ac-cepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP). This thesis compares the differences between Czech accounting legislation, International Financial Reporting Standards, and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP), regarding financial state-ments. The work is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the work mainly describes the requirements for individual financial statements com-piled according to Czech accounting standards as well as IFRS and US GAAP. Then it defines the main differences in the statements compiled by various accounting sys-tems. The aim of the practical part is to apply theoretical knowledgeon practical examples in a company called Moravské kovárny, a. s. (=Moravian smithy, joint-stock company). First, the procedure for preparation of financial statements in accordance with CAS in society is described in detail, and subsequently, problematic parts are selected, where there is a fundamental difference in reporting compared to IFRS and US GAAP, and a transition to statements corresponding to the requirements of these accounting systems is implemented on them. Using a practical application, it is possible to track specific examples, how individual accounting operations affect profits and the structure of balance sheet items.

The thesis deals with the accounting and tax legislation with focus on professional sport not only from the perspective of sport clubs but also of individual sportsmen. The aim of the thesis is to identify accounting and tax specificities of professional sport, including the definition of differences in keeping accounts of non-profit organisations and business entities, and to analyse the current state of the income taxation of professional sportsmen in selected countries of the EU and in the Czech Republic. Significant differences were found not only in the keeping accounts of non-profit organisations and business entities but also in the area of the income taxation of professional sportsmen. In the Czech Republic professional sportsmen are considered to be an independent profession while in the other selected countries of the European Union they are classic employees. The thesis is based on legislation valid on 1st January 2016.

This diploma paper in detail describes inventory separately from aspect of Czech accounting legislation and international accounting standards IAS/IFRS. Attention is devoted to meaning, structure and contents of individual legal enactment, qualification and division of inventory, methods of accounting and publication and especially their evaluation. The objective of this thesis is comparison of Czech accounting legislation and IAS/IFRS to find out differences between Czech legislation and IAS/IFRS in qualification, accounting, publication and evaluation of inventory. All determined differences are summarized in closing parts of the work together with classification of individual legal enactment and recommendations for Czech accounting legislation about implementation of some useful elements from IAS/IFRS.

This thesis deals with modern ways of the book-keeping using ICT and accounting software evaluation. The first part of thesis focuses on the historical development of accounting forms and techniques, legal regulation and current trends related the book-keeping on the computer. The second part aims on evaluation of specific economic software FlexiBee.

This diploma thesis compares the area of determination of the consolidated group according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Czech accounting legislation. At first, there are explained the most important definitions, which are linked to consolidation. The second part of thesis deals with previous antecedent legislation of determination of the consolidated group - IAS 27 and SIC-12. Then, there is analysed in detail determination of the consolidated group according to newly issued standards IFRS 10. The fourth part compares both international accounting legislations and it points out to main differences between them. After that, this thesis focuses on determination of the consolidated group according to Czech accounting legislation. This part also presents and analyses the biggest deficiencies and weak spots of Czech legislation in this area. Last part deals with the main objective of this thesis - the thorough and detailed comparison of both accounting legislations in the area of determination of the consolidated group. The thesis is also supplemented by illustrative examples, figures and schemes that are instrumental to better understanding.

The theme of the diploma thesis is „Reporting of tangible fixed assets according to Czech accounting legislation and IFRS “. The goal is to characterize the tangible fixed assets, its amortization, valuation, acquisition from the point of view how it is characterized by Czech accounting legislation and International accounting standards. Part of the thesis is the comparison of individual systems and pointing to the most significant differences in reporting and application to the particular entity.

The master thesis is focused on selected differences between the Czech accounting legislation and the International Financial Reporting Standards IAS / IFRS.The theoretical part is focused on methodological procedures under Czech Accounting Legislation and on requirements according to the IAS / IFRS. The differences between these two approaches are subsequently compared. Within the analytical part of the thesis, significant varieties are selected, based on the found differences and due to company’s specifities. The mentioned varieties have the key role and impact on the economical outcome of the selected company.