Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Greifswald.

¡§Save for a rainy day¡¨, a well known theory proposed in Campbell(1987), indicates that the current consumption depends on the rational prospect of future economy. Nevertheless, within a highly developed economy, individual¡¦s consumption is often affected by various factors, for instance, the rate of time preference, interest rates and inflation, ¡Ketc. Therefore, a rational representative consumer should take all possible information available to them into consideration in making decisions regarding optimal consumption; meanwhile, this will in turn affects a country¡¦s current accounts and domestic credit as well. Based on the viewpoints of consumption-smoothing and permanent income hypothesis, we modify Ghosh(1995a)¡¦s methodology to incorporate one of the most important macroeconomic variables, ¡§money¡¨ into the intertemporal approach to the current account to explore its influence in explaining the difference between theoretically predicted and actual current accounts. In this study, four major industrialized countries: Canada, Japan, the US and UK are investigated by adding money as one of the key elements in explaining their current accounts dynamics. According to the empirical findings, not only the national cash flow (output minus investment and government expenditure) as stated in the literatures but money stock also reflect their influential effects in determinating the dynamic behavior of current accounts also. Therefore, money dose play a crucial role in our extensive method in explaining what traditional method can not explain. Further, we used six kinds of test which are introduced by Diebold and Mariano¡]1995¡^to compare which estimation model has better explaining power to forecast the actual current account. As a whole, the current accounts of these four major industrialized countries indeed acts as a buffer to smooth consumption in facing fluctuations of shocks to national cash flow and money stock.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Heidelberg.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexander-Universität zu Erlangen.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Erlangen.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Freiburg i. B.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Heidelberg, 1913. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [vii]-x).

No description available.

Using the account episode (Schonbach,1992) as a framework, this study examined several variables related to how attributions are made and managed in the context of voluntary childlessness, arguably an instance of concealable stigma (e.g., Park, 2005; 2002). More specifically, the means by which voluntarily childless persons account for their childless decision (and how these accounts are evaluated) were examined, along with factors salient to social identity and intergroup perceptions (e.g., social dominance orientation, self-construal). Extant scholarship suggested that excuses and justifications would be evaluated differently in terms of both their acceptability and the interpersonal implications they carry. Findings indicate that excuses and justifications were not related to the account's acceptability, but did produce different attributions of interpersonal warmth and competence in those who used them. The acceptability of the target's childless decision was higher for those with a strong independent self-construal, and lower for those holding a high social dominance orientation. Few differences between the voluntarily childless man and woman were found. All findings are discussed in the context of both account evaluation and perceptions of the voluntarily childless.

No description available.