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Acetaldehyde is known to be responsible for the green or yogurt-like flavor defect of lactic cultures. This study was undertaken to extend the knowledge of acetaldehyde production and utilization by microorganisms normally found in mixed-strain butter cultures. It is anticipated that the resulting information will contribute to a more thorough understanding of the development of a green flavor defect; hence, to methods of avoiding and overcoming this defect. Acetaldehyde production by single-strain cultures of S. lactis, S. cremoris, and S. diacetilactis was found to parallel the increase in microbial population. S. lactis and S. cremoris were found to remove some of the acetaldehyde produced on continued incubation at 21°C. S. diacetilactis did not remove any of the acetaldehyde produced. The ratio of diacetyl to acetaldehyde in the strains of S. diacetilactis studied was found to be unfavorable for a good culture flavor at all times up to 22-24 hr incubation. All of the cultures studied produced a distinct green flavor when grown in milk media. All of the lactic streptococci studied produced both ethanol and acetone when grown in a boiled milk medium. No evidence of acetone utilization by S. diacetilactis was observed. A tentative mechanism for the formation of acetone from pyruvate via acetoacetate was proposed. Single-strain cultures of Leuconostoc dextranicum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were shown to be capable of utilizing added acetaldehyde under a variety of culturing conditions. These two organisms, along with L. citrovorum were combined into two-strain mixtures with various lactic streptococci. The production and utilization of acetaldehyde varied widely among different two-strain mixtures. The ratio of different lactic organisms comprising the flora of a desirably flavored commercial mixed-strain butter culture was determined. The microbial shift occurring when this culture developed a green flavor defect was found to be an overgrowth of the homo-fermentative lactic streptococci by the S. diacetilactis population. It was found that the concentration of acetaldehyde in a ripened single-strain lactic culture could be significantly reduced by adding a large inoculum of a culture of L. citrovorum and continuing incubation at 21°C or by cooling and holding the culture at 5°C after the addition of L. citrovorum. / Graduation date: 1966

Thesis--Catholic University of America.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1931. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-162).

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliography.

The present apparatus was used to obtain rate data for the absorption of oxygen in a catalysed liquid phase reaction with acetaldehyde. The effects of several system parameters, namely, acetaldehyde concentration, catalyst concentration, partial pressure of oxygen and temperature on the rate of absorption were studied. An attempt was made to correlate absorption rates and product distribution with mathematical models based on the film theory and existing kinetic models proposed by Bolland and Bawn. Absorption rates predicted by these semi-empirical correlations are compared with experimental values. The differential equations involving diffusion with chemical reaction were solved on the digital computer IBM 7040 and the analog computer PACE TRlO. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

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