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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Identificação de dano estrutural via abordagem de propagação de ondas acústicas utilizando técnicas de inteligência computacional / Structural damage identification via accoustic wave propagation approach using computational intelligence techniques

Kennedy Morais Fernandes 05 July 2010 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No presente trabalho, um algoritmo algébrico sequencial é utilizado para descrever a propagação de ondas acústicas ao longo de uma barra e utilizado na identificação de danos. Esse algoritmo é validado com base nos conficientes de sensibilidade dos ecos correspondentes aos diferentes cenários de danos apresentados. Na formulação do problema de identificação de dano, o campo de impedância generalizada, que minimiza o funcional definido como a distância entre o eco calculado e o eco experimental sintético é procurado. Os tempos de percurso da resposta, obtidos a partir de experimentos numéricos, são utilizados para identificar a posição, intensidade e forma do dano. Para simular dados corrompidos, diferentes níveis de ruído - variando de 30 a 0 dB - são introduzidos. O processo de identificação foi avaliado com os seguintes métodos de otimização: Otimização por Enxame de Partículas (PSO); Luus-Jaakola (LJ); Algoritmo de Colisão de Partículas (PCA); Algoritmos Genéticos (GA) e Recozimento Simulado (SA); e a hibridização desses métodos com o método determinístico de Levenberg-Marquardt. É mostrado que o processo de identificação de dano construído sobre a abordagem de propagação de ondas acústicas foi bem sucedido, mesmo para dados ruidosos altamente corrompidos. Os resultados dos casos testes são apresentados e algumas observações sobre as vantagens dos métodos determinísticos e estocásticos e sua combinação também são relatados. / In the present work, a sequential algorithm is used for describing the acoustic wave propagation along a bar and applied for damage identification purposes. The algorithm is validated based on the sensitivity coefficients of the corresponding echoes to the adressed damage scenarios. In the formulation of the damage identification problem, the generalized impedance field, that minimizes the functional defined as the distance between the calculated echo and the synthetic experimental one is sought. Time history responses, obtained from pulse-echo experiments, are used to identify damage position, severity and shape. In oder to account for noise corrupted data, different levels of signal to noise ratio - varying from 30 to 0 dB - are introduced. In the identification procedure the following optimization methods were applied: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO); Luus-Jaakola (LJ); Particle Collision Algorithm (PCA); Genetic Algorithms (GA); and Simmulated Annealing (SA): and the hybridization of these methods with the deterministic Levenberg-Marquardt method. It is shown that the damage identification procedure built on the acoustic wave propagation approach was successful, even for highly corrupted noisy data. Test case results are presented and a few comments on the advantages of deterministic and stochastic methods and their combination are also reported.
62

Contrôle actif du rayonnement acoustique des plaques: une approche à faible autorité / Active control of sound radiation from plates: a low authority approach

De Man, Pierre 04 June 2004 (has links)
L'objectif de cette thèse consiste en l'étude d'une stratégie de contrôle actif à faible autorité avec comme application le contrôle actif du rayonnement acoustique d'une plaque. Depuis l'essor du contrôle actif, son application aux problèmes acoustiques et vibracoustiques a été investiguée par de nombreux chercheurs, exploitant soit la théorie du contrôle optimal, soit des approches originales basées plus particulièrement sur la physique. Des notions spécifiques au contrôle vibroacoustique ont été développées comme, par exemple, les modes radiatifs pouvant caractériser le rayonnement acoustique d'une plaque d'une manière adaptée au contrôle. <p>Le contrôle actif à faible autorité, pour lequel le Laboratoire de Structures Actives a développé une expertise dans le domaine de l'amortissement et du contrôle actif des vibrations, est une solution attractive par sa simplicité de mise en oeuvre. Le plus souvent implémenté sous la forme d'un contrôle décentralisé constitué de boucles indépendantes, le contrôle à faible autorité bénéficie de certaines garanties de stabilité et de robustesse. <p>Bien que notre stratégie de contrôle puisse s'appliquer à n'importe quel type de plaque, l'application considérée dans ce travail a été motivée par le contexte socio-économique actuel en rapport avec les nuisances acoustiques. Il était en effet intéressant d'évaluer la stratégie de contrôle pour le problème de la transmission acoustique d'un vitrage. La stratégie de contrôle se divise en deux étapes. Tout d'abord le développement d'un capteur unique destiné à fournir une mesure représentative du bruit rayonné par une plaque en basse fréquence. Deux capteurs de vitesse volumétrique (l'un discret, l'autre distribué) ont ainsi été développés et évalués expérimentalement. <p>Ensuite, une procédure d'optimisation de l'emplacement d'un ensemble d'actionneurs pilotés en parallèle est proposée. L'objectif de cette phase d'optimisation est de forcer la réponse fréquentielle du système à posséder les propriétés d'un système colocalisé. La stratégie de contrôle est ensuite évaluée sur deux structures expérimentales. <p><p>/ This thesis is concerned with a low authority active control strategy applied to the sound radiation control of a baffled plate. Since the development of active control ,numerous researchers have studied its application to acoustical or vibroacoustical problems using either the modern control theory or other methods based rather on the understanding of the physics of the problem. Vibroacoustical active control has lead to the definition of radiation modes allowing to describe the radiated sound of a plate in an appropriate manner for active control purposes. <p>Low autorithy control (LAC), for which the Active Structures Laboratory has gained an expertise for active vibration control applications is an interesting solution for its implementation simplicity. Most of the time it consists of several decentralized control loops, and benefits from guaranteed stability and robustness properties. Although our control strategy can be applied to any kind of plates, the application considered here has been motivated by the present socio-economical context related to noise annoyances. The active control strategy has been applied the problem of the sound transmission loss of glass plates (windows). This strategy is in two steps :first a volume velocity sensor is developed as to give a measure representative of the radiated sound at low frequencies. <p>Two sensors have been developed (one discrete and one distributed) and experimentally tested. Next, an optimisation strategy is proposed which allow to locate on the plate a set of several actuators driven in parallel. The goal of this optimisation task is to obtain an open-loop frequency response which behave like a collocated system. The control strategy is finally evaluated on two plate structures. / Doctorat en sciences appliquées / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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