Basioccipital foramen (bof) is found in four acropomatid species, including Apogonops anomalus, Doederleinia berycoides, Neoscombrops annectens, and Synagrops japonicus belonging to four genera. This structure is just near the fish¡¦s inner ear and to which the anterior diverticulae of the swim bladder in the species protrudes. This configuration is though to be closely related to enhance hearing capabilities and an important synapomorphic system to the phylogeny of acropomatids. The structural parameters of the sagittae (i.e., otolith area, otolith sulcus area, ratio of sulcus to area, otolith weight, hair cell density in otolithic macula, and the stereocilia number per hair cell bundle) were estimated, measured, and analyzed. The data of the parameters from the ¡¥bof-possessing¡¦ acropomatids are lower than that of the ¡¥non-bof¡¦ acropomatids. These values infer a probable poorer auditory capability of the ¡¥bof-possessing¡¦ acropomatids. COI, cytochrome b, and rhodopsin sequences of 12 species in five acropomatid genera (i.e., Acropoma, Doederleinia, Malakichthys, Neoscombrops, Synagrops) were analyzed to resolve the issue whether the configuration between ¡¥bof¡¦ and anterior diverticulae of swim bladder representing synapomorphic characters. The constructed Bayesian and maximum parsimony trees indicate that the ¡¥bof-possessing¡¦ acrpomatids do not form a clade. These results suggest that thses specialized structures (¡¥bof¡¦ and anterior swim bladder diverticulae) have developed more than once in Acropomatidae (i.e., a case of convergence).