Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodriguez_ls_me_arafo.pdf: 1313049 bytes, checksum: 4063f1e0e598d952104412578f2d3739 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A fim de prevenir infecções bucais e consequentemente melhorar a qualidade de vida dos usuários de prótese, diversas tentativas de incorporar agentes antimicrobianos a resinas acrílicas tem sido relatadas na literatura. A incorporação do metacrilato 2-tert-butilaminoetil (TBAEMA) a uma resina acrílica para base protética seria uma alternativa plausível no intuito de se reduzir ou eliminar a colonização dessa superfície por microrganismos patogênicos, pois esta substância apresenta grupos amina em sua composição, o que poderia indicar uma possível atividade antimicrobiana da base protética. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a interação química entre o TBAEMA e a resina acrílica bem como a presença de grupos amina na superfície da resina, e ainda avaliar a temperatura de transição vítrea e a resistência à flexão da resina após a incorporação de TBAEMA. Material e método: Os espécimes foram divididos em cinco grupos de acordo com as concentrações de TBAEMA incorporadas à resina Onda-Cryl: 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% e 4%. A superfície dos espécimes foi avaliada por meio de Espalhamento Superficial de Elétrons com Análise Química (XPS-ESCA) para detectar a presença de grupos amina, representado por índices de nitrogênio. As análises de Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) foram utilizadas para avaliar o processo de polimerização da resina 17 acrílica na presença do TBAEMA e a influência da incorporação do TBAEMA na temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) da resina, respectivamente. A resistência à flexão dos espécimes também foi avaliada e os resultados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância a um fator (ANOVA) seguido pelo teste de Tukey ( <0.05). Resultados: Foram observados diferentes índices de nitrogênio: 0,36%, 0,54%, 0,35% e 0,20% para... / With a purpose of to prevent oral infections and therefore improve the quality of life of dentures wearers, several attempts to incorporate antimicrobial agents into acrylic resins have been reported in the literature. The incorporation of 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate (TBAEMA) into denture base acrylic resin would be a plausible alternative in order to reduce or eliminate colonization of that surface by pathogenic microorganisms, on this account this substance has amine groups in their composition, which could indicate a possible antimicrobial activity of the denture base. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical interaction between the TBAEMA and acrylic resin and the presence of amine groups in the resin surface, and assess the glass transition temperature and flexural strength of the resin after the incorporation TBAEMA. Material and Method: The specimens were divided in five groups according to the concentration of TBAEMA incorporated to Onda-Cryl: 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. Specimens surfaces were evaluated by Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) to detect the presence of amino groups, represented by nitrogen ratios. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to evaluate the polymerization process of acrylic resin in the presence of TBAEMA and the influence of the incorporation of TBAEMA on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of acrylic resin, respectively. Flexural strength of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Marco Antonio Compagnoni / Banca: Raphael Freitas de Souza / Banca: Ana Carolina Pero Vizoto / Resumo: A fim de prevenir infecções bucais e consequentemente melhorar a qualidade de vida dos usuários de prótese, diversas tentativas de incorporar agentes antimicrobianos a resinas acrílicas tem sido relatadas na literatura. A incorporação do metacrilato 2-tert-butilaminoetil (TBAEMA) a uma resina acrílica para base protética seria uma alternativa plausível no intuito de se reduzir ou eliminar a colonização dessa superfície por microrganismos patogênicos, pois esta substância apresenta grupos amina em sua composição, o que poderia indicar uma possível atividade antimicrobiana da base protética. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a interação química entre o TBAEMA e a resina acrílica bem como a presença de grupos amina na superfície da resina, e ainda avaliar a temperatura de transição vítrea e a resistência à flexão da resina após a incorporação de TBAEMA. Material e método: Os espécimes foram divididos em cinco grupos de acordo com as concentrações de TBAEMA incorporadas à resina Onda-Cryl: 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% e 4%. A superfície dos espécimes foi avaliada por meio de Espalhamento Superficial de Elétrons com Análise Química (XPS-ESCA) para detectar a presença de grupos amina, representado por índices de nitrogênio. As análises de Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) foram utilizadas para avaliar o processo de polimerização da resina 17 acrílica na presença do TBAEMA e a influência da incorporação do TBAEMA na temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) da resina, respectivamente. A resistência à flexão dos espécimes também foi avaliada e os resultados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância a um fator (ANOVA) seguido pelo teste de Tukey ( <0.05). Resultados: Foram observados diferentes índices de nitrogênio: 0,36%, 0,54%, 0,35% e 0,20% para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: With a purpose of to prevent oral infections and therefore improve the quality of life of dentures wearers, several attempts to incorporate antimicrobial agents into acrylic resins have been reported in the literature. The incorporation of 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate (TBAEMA) into denture base acrylic resin would be a plausible alternative in order to reduce or eliminate colonization of that surface by pathogenic microorganisms, on this account this substance has amine groups in their composition, which could indicate a possible antimicrobial activity of the denture base. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical interaction between the TBAEMA and acrylic resin and the presence of amine groups in the resin surface, and assess the glass transition temperature and flexural strength of the resin after the incorporation TBAEMA. Material and Method: The specimens were divided in five groups according to the concentration of TBAEMA incorporated to Onda-Cryl: 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. Specimens surfaces were evaluated by Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) to detect the presence of amino groups, represented by nitrogen ratios. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to evaluate the polymerization process of acrylic resin in the presence of TBAEMA and the influence of the incorporation of TBAEMA on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of acrylic resin, respectively. Flexural strength of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Tarcísio José de Arruda Paes Júnior / Banca: Eduardo Shigueyuki Umera / Banca: Murilo Baena Lopes / Resumo: O propósito desta pesquisa foi avaliar o comportamento das resinas acrílicas quando reforçadas por fibras de nylon. Para tanto uma resina acrílica termoativada (RAAT) em microondas (Vipi-Wave - Vipi Dental Ltda.) e uma resina ativada quimicamente rígida para reembasamentos (Tokuso-Tokuyama) foram testadas quanto à resistência a flexão e alteração dimensional. Corpos de prova em formato de barra nas dimensões de 20x10x3 mm (n=9) foram analisados para a resistência a flexão nas seguintes situações: RAAT com ou sem fibra de nylon (modificada ou não por sílica) e, RAAT com reembasador de modo similar ao citado anteriormente. Teve-se ainda para outros grupos estabelecidos a realização de ciclagem termomecânica dos espécimes. Na observação da alteração dimensional fez-se comparação da distância entre pontos pré-determinados em dentes artificiais posicionados em próteses totais do arco maxilar (n=6) e que foram submetidos à ciclagem térmica prévia. Quanto aos tipos de testes, a resistência à flexão em três pontos foi mensurada em máquina de ensaio universal e os resultados dados em megapascal (MPa). Na análise da alteração dimensional foi feita a captura de imagens oclusais antes e após polimerização das próteses totais e ensaio para programa Image Tool e os resultados dados em milímetros. Os valores obtidos foram compilados e submetidos aos testes estatísticos ANOVA e Tukey (5%), confirmando que a adição da fibra de nylon modificada aumentou substancialmente a resistência à flexão e diminuiu a alteração dimensional da resina acrílica, independentemente dessa ser reembasada(AU) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate some properties of acrylic resins when reinforced by a nylon fiber. A microwave heat cured acrylic resin (RAAT) (Vipi-Wave) and a hard self cured acrylic resin for rebasing (Tokuso) were tested for flexural strength and dimensional stability. Specimens bar shaped 20x10x3mm (n=9) were analyzed for flexural strength in following situations: RAAT containing or not nylon fibers (modified or not by silica), and RAAT rebased with hard liner. In another groups thermal mechanical cycling of the specimens was realized. Dimensional stability was checked by analyses of predetermined points measurement on artificial teeth in upper complete dentures (n=6) and that also was submitted prior to thermocycling and the groups were established in the same conditions related previously reported. To flexural strength three points bending test was used in a universal testing machine and the results obtained in MPa. Dimensional stability measurement was made to capture occlusal images before and after polymerization of prosthesis and scanned for the Image Tool. Data analysis were compiled, distributed and comparatively evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey test (5%). Confirming the adding of the modified nylon fiber has substantially increased the flexural strength and decreased dimensional change of acrylic resin, whether this be rebased(AU) / Mestre

Orientador: Eunice Teresinha Giampaolo / Banca: Ana Cláudia Pavarina / Banca: Cláudia Helena Lovato da Silva / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia da escovação com diferentes agentes de limpeza para reduzir a viabilidade de um biofilme multiespécies em resinas acrílicas. Amostras de Lucitone 550 (L) e Tokuyama Rebase Fast II (T) (10 mm x 2 mm) foram preparadas, esterilizadas e inoculadas com uma suspensão de 107 células/mL de Candida albicans e Candida glabrata e de 108 células/mL de Streptococcus mutans. As amostras foram incubadas por 48 h a 37 °C para a formação do biofilme. Em seguida, foram divididas (n = 12) e submetidas à escovação ou imersão durante 10 s nas soluções: água destilada (A); ácido peracético 0,2% (Ac), digluconato de clorexidina 1% (Chx), solução água/dentifrício 1:1 (D), hipoclorito de sódio a 1% (NaOCl) e perborato de sódio (Pb). Os microrganismos viáveis foram avaliados por ensaio de XTT e contagem de colônias (ufc /mL). Os dados foram verificados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Neste estudo, a eficácia da remoção do biofilme foi aumentada pela escovação combinada com agentes químicos de limpeza, por outro lado, a imersão por 10 s em AC e NaOCl mostrou-se tão eficaz quanto a escovação em L e T. Este resultado é bastante interessante, pois a imersão nestes agentes de limpeza por um curto período poderia ser uma alternativa viável para a desinfecção de próteses de pacientes com dificuldades motoras para executar a escovação. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of brushing with different cleaning agents in reducing the viability of multispecies biofilm in acrylic resins. Lucitone 550 (L) and Tokuyama Rebase Fast II (T) specimens (10 mm x 2 mm) were prepared, sterilized and inoculated with a Candida albicans and Candida glabrata suspension of 107 cells/mL and a suspension of 108 cells/mL of Streptococcus mutans. Specimens were incubated for 48 h at 37°C for the biofilm formation. Then, they were divided (n=12) and subjected to brushing or immersion for 10 s in the solutions: distilled water (W), 0.2% peracetic acid (Ac), 1% chlorhexidine digluconate (Chx), 1:1 water/dentifrice solution (D), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium perborate (Pb). Viable microorganisms was evaluated by XTT assay and colony counts (cfu/mL). Data were performed by ANOVA and Tukey test with 5% significance level. In this study, the efficacy of biofilm removal was increased by brushing combined with chemical cleaning agents, on the other hand, immersion for 10 sec in NaOCl and AC has shown to be as effective as brushing for L and T. This result is quite interesting, inasmuch as immersion in these cleaning agents for a short period could be a viable alternative for prostheses disinfection of patients with motor disabilities to perform the brushing. / Mestre

Orientador: Rafael Leonardo Xediek Consani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T13:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zampieri_MarinaldoHenrique_M.pdf: 729614 bytes, checksum: 67cd861fbbbca6e4ac88c4d28cbc4975 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O propósito deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito de muflas metálicas (convencional e mufla dupla experimental SR) e do tempo pós-prensagem (imediato e 6 horas) no nível de adaptação de bases de prótese total superior e inferior confeccionadas com resina acrílica Clássico ativada termicamente. Foramconfeccionados 80 conjuntos modelo de gesso-base de cera distribuídos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos (n=10), de acordo com o tipo de mufla metálica e do tempo pós-prensagem. A resina acrílica foi proporcionada e manipulada de acordo com as instruções do fabricante e prensada na fase plástica com carga inicial de 850 kgf e final de 1.250 kgf em prensa hidráulica de bancada. As bases foram polimerizadas em ciclo de água a 74°C por 9 horas. Depois do esfriamento das muflas até atingir a temperatura ambiente, as bases foram desincluídas, acabadas, fixadas nos respectivos modelos de gesso com adesivo à base de cianoacrilato e seccionados em três secções, correspondentes a distal de caninos (A), mesial de primeiros molares(B) e região palatina posterior(C). Em cada conjunto, o desajuste entre o modelo de gesso e a base de resina foi verificado nos seguintes pontos referenciais: 1- base superior: fundo do sulco vestibular direito e esquerdo, crista do rebordo alveolar direita e esquerda e linha mediana palatina; 2- inferior: fundo do sulco vestibular esquerdo e direito, crista do rebordo alveolar direita e esquerda, e fundo de sulco lingual direito e esquerdo. O desajuste foi verificado com microscópio comparador linear Olympus, com precisão de 0,0005mm. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey (5%). Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença estatística significante entre as secções, onde A apresentou o melhor resultado, C o pior resultado e B demonstrou valor intermediário, para as bases superior e inferior. Na base de prótese superior, os tempos pós-prensagem em cada tipo de região e tipo de mufla mostraram diferença estatística, exceto na região A, para a mufla simples. Na comparação entre tipos de mufla para cada região no tempo imediato houve diferença estatística significante para todas as regiões. No tempo pós-prensagem de 6 horas não houve diferença estatística em todas as comparações. Entre os tipos de região para cada tempo pósprensagem da base inferior, o tempo imediato demonstrou diferença estatística em todas as regiões, quando o tipo de mufla foi comparado. O tempo de espera de 6 horas não mostrou diferença estatística entre as regiões e tipos de muflas / Abstract: The purpose of this work was to study the use of flask closure (conventional metallic flask closure nº5,5 and double SR flask closure.), regarding the adaptation of the prothesis'base (immediate and after six hours) in the upper total prothesis base and also the inferior total prothesis base adaptation. Both prothesis were made of acrylic resin activated by temperature (Classic®). 80 gypsum models were manufactured with wax base randomly distributed in 8 groups (n=10), according to the type of metallic flask closure used and the time that the prothesis remained under pressure (immediate or after six hours). The resin was proportionate and manipulated according to the manufacturer instructions and it was put under pressure in the plastic phase, starting with 850 Kgf until 1250 Kgf utilizing the hydraulic press of workbench. The bases were manufactured and polymerized in water cycle at 74°C for 9 hours. After they reached room temperature, the bases were removed, finished, and replaced in its respective models using cianocrilato adhesive on the base. The models were divided into three sections, corresponding to distal of canines, mesial of first molars and posterior palate region. In each model, the superior and lower maladjustment between the gypsum model and the resin base was verified in the reference points mention above; Superior model: bottom of vestibular sulcus (right and left sides), alveolar crest (right and left sides) and average line of the palate. Lower model: bottom of vestibular sulcus (right and left sides), crest of the edge alveolar crest (right and left sides) and bottom of lingual sulcus (right and left sides). In each section, the maladjustment between the model and resin base was verified with an Olympus comparative linear microscope, with 0,0005mm accuracy. The data were collected and submitted to analysis of variance and to the test of Tukey (5%). The test results demonstrated a significant statistical difference between the sections, where section A showed the best result, C the worst, and B showed an intermediate value, for the lower and upper bases of the prothesis. In the base of the upper prosthesis, the time that the material was under pressure in each region and type of flask closure showed statistical difference, except in region A, for the simple flask closure. In the comparison between types of flask closure for each region in the immediate time showed significant statistical difference for all the regions. There was no statistical difference during the time the material was under pressure (6 hours) for all comparisons. When the types of flask closure were compared regarding region types for each time the lower base was under pressure, the immediate time showed statistical difference in all the regions. There was no statistical difference between the regions and types of flask closure after a period of six hours / Mestrado / Protese Dental / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar longitudinalmente, o efeito de sucessivos ciclos de desinfecção sobre as propriedades de microdureza e rugosidade superficial de 4 diferentes resinas acrílicas. Foram confeccionados 200 corpos de prova, utilizando um material para base de dentaduras (Lucitone 550) e três materiais rígidos para reembasamento (Jet, Kooliner e Tokuyama Rebase II Fast), os quais foram divididos, para cada resina, em cinco grupos: imersos em água (controle) e submetidos à irradiação por microondas em quatro combinações diferentes de potência-tempo. Esses grupos foram avaliados em relação à rugosidade superficial (Ra-µm) e microdureza Knoop (KHN) em um período anterior às desinfecções e após 30, 90 e 180 ciclos de desinfecção. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, seguida por teste de Tukey a 5%. As principais alterações nos valores de microdureza (diminuição) e rugosidade superficial (aumento) ocorreram após 30 ciclos de desinfecção em microondas. Após esse período existiu uma tendência para a estabilização dos valores dessas propriedades, mesmo quando ciclos adicionais (90 e 180 ciclos) foram realizados. Os tratamentos empregados para os diferentes grupos experimentais (diferentes combinações de potência-tempo) não foram os principais fatores que tiveram influência sobre a propriedade de microdureza. É provável que a redução dos valores de microdureza tenha sido mais dependente da sorpção de água do que da energia de microondas por si só. O principal efeito sobre a microdureza através da irradiação por microondas parece ser o efeito da água. A exposição da prótese a fluidos como água e saliva é uma condição que não pode ser evitada. Esse comportamento não foi observado para a rugosidade superficial. Os tratamentos empregados para os diferentes grupos experimentais (diferentes combinações de potência-tempo) tiveram influência sobre a propriedade de rugosidade superficial. De maneira geral observou-se que os valores de rugosidade superficial dos espécimes somente imersos em água foram menores do que os valores dos espécimes irradiados. Apesar da rugosidade de alguns espécimes ter ficado acima de 0.2 um, isso não parece contra-indicar a desinfecção por microondas. As técnicas convencionais de acabamento e polimento aplicadas para as outras superfícies dificilmente atingem níveis de rugosidade superficial inferiores a 0,2 µm. Dessa maneira parece ser prudente a afirmação de que a desinfecção através da energia de microondas pode ser utilizada para a desinfecção de próteses. / The objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of microwave disinfection on the hardness and roughness of one heat-polymerizing denture base acrylic resin and three hard chairside resins. A total of 200 specimens were fabricated using one denture base material (Lucitone 550; n=50) and three hard chairside reliners (Jet; n=50, Kooliner; n=50, Tokuyama Rebase II Fast; n=50), which were immersed in water (control), and submitted to microwave disinfection at four different arrangements of power and time. These specimens were tested for knoop hardness (KHN) and roughness (Ra-µm) for different times (before disinfection, after 30, 90 and 180 disinfection cycles). Data were analyzed by Variance Analysis which was followed by the Turkey\'s test at a level of 5%. The principal alterations on hardness (reduction) and on roughness (elevation) occurred after 30 disinfection cycles. Both of the properties remained stable after this period, even after 90 and 180 disinfection cycles. The different arrangements of power and time carried out for the experimental groups did not have influence on hardness. It is possible that this property was more affected from water sorption than microwave energy only. During its clinical use, the denture is exposed to water and saliva and it seems that this condition cannot be prevented. This fact was not observed for roughness. The different arrangements of power and time carried out for the experimental groups had influence on roughness. It was observed that the control group had lower roughness values when compared to the experimental groups. The roughness values of some specimens were greater than 0.2 um. However, this fact does not compromise the indication of microwave disinfection. The finishing and polishing techniques commonly used for the other surfaces of the denture do not get roughness values below 0.2 um. Therefore, it is very likely that microwave disinfection could be recommended for the disinfection of dentures.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, longitudinalmente, o efeito de cinco soluções desinfetantes sobre a microdureza e rugosidade superficial de uma resina acrílica termopolimerizável e três materiais reembasadores rígidos. Um total de 240 corpos de prova circulares (30 X 6mm) foram fabricados, utilizando um material para base de dentaduras (Lucitone 550; n=60), e três materiais rígidos, para reembasamento (Jet; n=60, Kooliner; n=60, Tokuyama rebase II fast; n=60), os quais foram imersos em água (controle), e em cinco soluções desinfetantes (hipoclorito de sódio a 1%, hipoclorito de sódio a 2%, hipoclorito de sódio a 5,25%, glutaraldeído a 2% e gluconato de clorexidina a 4%), e testados para avaliação de microdureza Knoop (KHN) e rugosidade superficial (Ra-µm) em diferentes intervalos (antes das imersões, após 30, 90 e 180 ciclos de desinfecção. Em cada condição experimental foram utilizados 10 corpos de prova de cada material estudado. Os dados foram analisados através de esquema fatorial (6X4) e as médias foram analisadas por meio de análise de variância, seguida por teste de Tukey a 5%. Para as resinas Lucitone 550 (20,61 ± 1,36 a 15,44 ± 1,26 KHN), Jet (18,74 ± 0,47 a 13,75 ± 0,95 KNH), Kooliner (14,09 ± 1,63 a 7,52 ± 0,88 KHN) e Tokuyama rebase II fast (12,57 ± 0,94 a 8,28 ± 0,39 KHN), foi observada uma diminuição significativa dos valores de microdureza, independente da solução utilizada, após 180 ciclos de imersão. Não foi observada interação significativa para a rugosidade da resina Kooliner. Para a resina Lucitone 550 (0,06 ± 0,01 a 0,20 ± 0,02µm) e Jet (0,07 ± 0,01 a 0,23 ± 0,04µm), foi observado aumento significativo dos valores de rugosidade superficial, independente da solução desinfetante utilizada, e a após 180 ciclos de imersão em água, estes materiais mantiveram valores semelhantes ao da avaliação inicial. A resina Tokuyama rebase II fast não mostrou diferenças significativas nos valores de rugosidade superficial quando imersa em água, hipoclorito de sódio a 2%, 5,25% e glutaraldeído a 2%, durante o período do estudo. Ao final da avaliação (180 ciclos), conclui-se que, embora todas as soluções tenham causado redução da microdureza da resina Lucitone 550, os espécimes submetidos às imersões em H5,25% e H2% apresentaram menores valores, no entanto, não ocorreu diferença significante entre os desinfetantes para as resinas autopolimerizáveis. As soluções H1%, H2% e GC4% causaram maior alteração na rugosidade superficial da resina Lucitone 550. Estas mesmas soluções, além de H5,25%, promoveram maior rugosidade na resina Jet, enquanto que, para a resina Tokuyama Rebase II fast, não houve diferença entre os desinfetantes. / The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of five disinfection solutions on the hardness and roughness of one heat-polymerizing denture base acrylic resin and three hard chairside resins. A total of 240 circular specimens (30 X 6mm) were fabricated using one denture base material (Lucitone 550; n=60) and three hard chairside reliners (Jet; n=60, Kooliner; n=60, Tokuyama rebase II fast; n=60), which were immersed in water (control), and five disinfecting solutions (1% sodium hypochlorite; 2% sodium hypochlorite; 5,25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde; 4% chlorhexidine gluconate) that were tested for knoop hardness (KHN) and roughness (Ra-µm) for different times (before immersions, after 30, 90 and 180 immersion cycles). For each experimental condition, 10 specimens were used from each material. Data was analyzed by factorial scheme (6 X 4) and the means were analyzed by The Variance Analysis which was followed by Tukey\'s test 5%. For Lucitone 550 (from 20,61 ± 1,36 to 15,44 ± 1,26 KHN), Jet (from 18,74 ± 0,47 to 13,75 ± 0,95 KHN), Kooliner (from 14,09 ± 1,63 to 7,52 ± 0,88 KHN), Tokuyama rebase II fast (from 12,57 ± 0,94 to 8,28 ± 0,39 KHN) significant decrease in hardness was observed regardless of the solution used, after 180 immersion cycles. No significant interactions were observed for Kooliner roughness. Between Lucitone (from 0,06 ± 0,01 to 0,20 ± 0,02µm) and Jet, (from 0,07 ± 0,01 to 0,23 ± 0,04µm) there was a significant increase in roughness regardless of the disinfectant solution used; Jet showed significant increase in roughness after immersion in water for 180 cycles. Tokuyama rebase II fast showed no significant differences in roughness when immersed in water, 2% sodium hypochlorite, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% glutaraldehyde after 180 cycles. In conclusion, this study showed that Lucitone 550 specimens exhibited significant decrease in hardness regardless of the disinfection solution used, and the specimens immersed in H5,25% and H2% showed lower hardness values; However, no significant differences were noted between all disinfectants solution, for hard chairside resins. The solutions H1%, H2% and GC4% caused more alteration in roughness of Lucitone 550. These solutions along with H5,25% caused an increase in the roughness of Jet, while with the Tokuyama rebase II fast there was no difference between the disinfection solutions.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Health Sciences: Dental Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / The poor mechanical properties of denture base acrylic resins can cause dentures to fracture either through impact or stress fatigue. Various metal reinforcing materials such as powders, nets, plates and wires together with synthetic fibres are therefore used to improve the strength properties of denture base acrylic resins. Despite their benefits, they are difficult to apply during fabrication, are costly, non-recyclable, and not environmentally friendly. The suitability of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) as a fibre reinforcement material for denture base acrylic resins was therefore investigated. A quantitative research paradigm and a two-phased experimental research design was used. The preliminary study used Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) to assess the characteristics of, and the effect of, mercerisation on H. sabdariffa fibres. In determining the suitability of H. sabdariffa fibres, fibre diameter, fibre density, moisture content and absorption were examined. The main study investigated the mechanical and physical properties of two sample groups namely: the unreinforced (control) group and the H. sabdariffa fibre-reinforced (test) group denture base acrylic resins. The flexural strength, impact strength, specific wear rate, hardness and water absorption behaviour were determined in line with ASTM D 790 and D 256, G 99, D 2583 and D 570 methods of testing, respectively. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to analyse the mean differences (p = 0.05) between the unreinforced and the H. sabdariffa fibre-reinforced denture base acrylic resins. The preliminary study revealed that H. sabdariffa fibres favourably compared to other lignocellulosic fibres in terms of fibre diameter, fibre density, water content and absorption behaviour. In the main study, a t-test revealed that there were significant differences in flexural strength at 0oC (p < 0.0001) and at 65oC (p < 0.0025) between the two sample groups. Similarly, there were significant differences in the impact strength between the two sample groups at 0oC (p < 0.031) and at 65oC (p < 0.0001). In contrast to the 200g load, there were significant differences (p < 0.044) in the specific wear rate of the unreinforced and the H. sabdariffa fibre-reinforced denture base acrylic resins at the 500g load. The hardness values revealed no significant differences (p > 0.707) between the two sample groups. There were however, significant differences (p < 0.041) in the water absorption rate between the two sample groups. Overall, the prominent features of this study showed that H. sabdariffa fibre is a suitable reinforcement fibre material for denture base acrylic resins and is in compliance with ISO 1567: 1999. Although this study found that H. sabdariffa fibres can be used as reinforcement material for denture base acrylic resins, the results cannot be generalised to clinical conditions, therefore in vitro and in vivo investigations are recommended. / M

It was my purpose to study the role of acrylic paints and other products in the secondary high school and junior high school art curriculum in the area of painting, and related activities and to make a realistic evaluation of this medium. Because of its comparative newness and because of a general lack of knowledge of and experience with it, I felt such a study would fill a need relative to the utilization of acrylic products in the classroom. In preparation I read the material which was available on painting with acrylics'. The number of books published on the subject is limited. I talked with art teachers and found that many had only a cursory acquaintance with acrylics or had not used them at all. With this background I became involved in as many aspects of the use of acrylics in. the classroom as I could. A skeptic at first, I became increasingly enthusiastic as my work progressed. From my own experiences with acrylics, I devised some experiments which, for the most part, I took into the classroom and with which I involved students ranging from third grade to high school level. After my own experiences with acrylics as both artist and teacher, it is my conviction that acrylics can be invaluable in the art curriculum, and that they can be most helpful in providing a significant contemporary approach to the fundamentals of painting and other techniques. There are five chapters and an appendix in this thesis report. The first chapter provides an introduction to the acrylic products, with a brief summary of their-development as a fine arts medium, their cost, handling characteristics and their advantages and disadvantages. The second chapter is concerned with the individual acrylic products and with equipment and supplies. Painting techniques and suggestions for the use of acrylics are discussed in the third chapter. Suggestions for additional uses in the related activities of collage, mosaic, printing, drawing, transparent design and other techniques are contained in the fourth chapter. In the fifth chapter I state my conclusions concerning the medium. Photographs of student work and my work are included as a supplement to the text. A list of local suppliers and a list of manufacturers are included in the appendix, as well as photographs of my thesis paintings.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purpose of this laboratory study was to determine whether etching of flat bovine enamel surfaces with a 50 per cent aqueous solution of phosphoric acid for 60 seconds increases the bonding of a conventional restorative acrylic resin and a new polycarboxylate cement. The test specimens were subjected to 24 hours, 30 days and six months storage in water and then subjected• to temperature stress cycling and intermittent tensile stress cycling. A tensile test was used to measure the bond strength of both materials. The results of the Newman-Keul's test showed that pretreating the enamel surface with 50 per cent phosphoric acid significantly increased the bonding of the restorative resin, and that the cavity sealer supplied by the manufacturer further improved the resin attachment to enamel surfaces previously etched with phosphoric acid. The bonding of the resin to acid-etched enamel surfaces pretreated with or without the cavity sealer was unaffected by prolonged storage in water, temperature stress cycling, and intermittent tensile stress cycling. However, a significant reduction in the adhesion of the acrylic resin to polished-enamel surfaces pretreated with or without the cavity sealer was observed when the test specimens were subjected to the same testing conditions. The data obtained for the polycarboxylate cement test specimens showed that etching of the enamel surface with phosphoric acid also provided slightly higher adhesive values than the control specimens. Results obtained revealed that prolonged storage in water, and temperature and mechanical stress cycling did not affect the adhesion of the polycarboxylate cement to acid-etched enamel surfaces. However, thermal and mechanical stress cycling after prolonged storage in water appeared to decrease the adhesion of the cement to polished enamel surfaces. When Ca45 was used to assess the marginal seal of resin restorations placed into acid-etched Class V cavity preparations in extracted human teeth, the autoradiographs showed that etching of the cavity preparations with 50 per cent phosphoric acid improved the marginal seal of the restorative resin after one-week storage in water. When both the acid-etched and control restorations were thermal stress cycled 2500 times at a 40°C temperature differential, a slight improvement in the marginal seal of the acid-etched restorations was observed.