La utilización de filtros activos paralelo mejora la eficiencia del suministro eléctrico mediante la modificación de las características de la forma de onda de las corrientes de línea. Trabajos de investigación anteriores destacan la complicada estructura de los controladores empleados en este tipo de soluciones y su sensibilidad a la distorsión de la onda de tensión en el punto donde se realiza su conexión. El objetivo fundamental de esta tesis es el desarrollo de un controlador para filtros activos de potencia tolerante a desequilibrios de tensión, huecos de tensión y armónicos de tensión. Objetivo secundario de este trabajo es el diseño de los algoritmos necesarios para el control de un filtro activo de potencia paralelo polifásico mediante una tarjeta basada en un procesador digital de señal. / Shunt active power filters (APF) modify the phase current waveform characteristics, which allow to increase the efficiency of electrical power grids. Previous research works establish the complex structure of controllers applied to APFs and their sensibility to voltage waveform disturbances.The aim of this thesis is the developing of a controller for shunt active power filters with tolerance to voltage unbalances, voltage dips and voltage harmonics. The proposed controller, implemented on a DSP target board, will be tested on a three-phase active power filter.

Multifunctional voltage source converters (VSCs) are desired for shipboard power systems. The opportunity to extend the functionality of a particular VSC on demand, combined with power system reconfiguration strategies may provide desired redundancy to back up power electronic converters that might be destroyed as a result of a battle damage or material casualty. The space for power electronics may be downsized if the VSCs are capable of performing multiple functions. In addition, the flexibility of the energy management can be enhanced in shipboard power systems if a single VSC can perform multiple functions. The functionality of a VSC in many cases is restricted to a single task or set of tasks by its control architecture. Despite the great number of different control strategies suggested for VSCs, nearly all use similar methods for generation of the reference signals. These methods generally depend upon the use of filters to extract reference signals for the components that are to be injected into or drawn from the system. These methods of control are not flexible. The main objective of the dissertation is the development of a flexible reference signal generator for VSCs that allows online maximization of its possible functions. Furthermore, the switching frequency of a VSC is generally above 10 kHz for many applications, and carries a significant amount of high frequency noise. This necessitates the use of EMI filters, which carry an extra cost and increase the overall bulk of the power electronics. This may not be acceptable for shipboard power systems, where the space and weight requirements are usually stringent. Thus, in addition to investigation of various reference signal generator (RSG) strategies for VSCs, alternative solutions to attenuate EMI levels in the shipboard power system environment are explored.

Significant advances in modern ac/ac power converter technologies and demands of industries have reached beyond standard ac/ac power converters with voltage-source inverters fed from diode rectifiers. Power electronics converters have been matured to stages toward compact realization, increased high-power handling capability, and improving utility interface. Modern ac/ac power converter topologies with various control strategies have been introduced for the further improvements, such as matrix converters, current-fed converters, PWM rectifiers, and active power filters. In this dissertation, several new converter topologies are proposed in conjunction with developed control schemes based on the modern ac/ac converters which enhance performance and solve the drawbacks of conventional converters. In this study, a new fault-tolerant PWM strategy is first proposed for matrix converters. The added fault-tolerant scheme would strengthen the matrix converter technology for aerospace and military applications. A modulation strategy is developed to reshape output currents for continuous operation, against fault occurrence in matrix converter drives. This study designs a hybrid, high-performance ac/ac power converter for high power applications, based on a high-power load commutated inverter and a mediumpower voltage source inverter. Natural commutation of the load commutated inverter is actively controlled by the voltage source inverter. In addition, the developed hybrid system ensures sinusoidal output current/voltage waveforms and fast dynamic response in high power areas. A new topology and control scheme for a six-step current source inverter is proposed. The proposed topology utilizes a small voltage source inverter, to turn off main thyristor switches, transfer reactive load energy, and limit peak voltages across loads. The proposed topology maximizes benefits of the constituent converters: highpower handling capability of large thyristor-based current source inverters as well as fast and easy control of small voltage source inverters. This study analyzes, compares, and evaluates two topologies for unity power factor and multiple ac/ac power conversions. Theoretical analyses and comparisons of the two topologies, grounded on mathematical approaches, are presented from the standpoint of converter kVA ratings, dc-link voltage requirements, switch ratings, semiconductor losses, and reactive component sizes. Analysis, simulation, and experimental results are detailed for each proposed topology.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-24T20:26:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pablocarlosdesiqueirafurtado.pdf: 4055605 bytes, checksum: b23cd5bfadf3eb9e69e3e5e804322231 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-25T15:21:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pablocarlosdesiqueirafurtado.pdf: 4055605 bytes, checksum: b23cd5bfadf3eb9e69e3e5e804322231 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T15:21:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pablocarlosdesiqueirafurtado.pdf: 4055605 bytes, checksum: b23cd5bfadf3eb9e69e3e5e804322231 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação apresenta uma estratégia para controlar um filtro ativo de potência (FAP) paralelo bifásico a três fios. A aplicação desse FAP pode ser implementada como uma funcionalidade extra do conversor fonte de tensão do sistema de propulsão de veículos elétricos (VE), o que seria útil para compensar instalações elétricas residenciais e comerciais com fornecimento de energia bifásico a três fios. Apresenta-se o princípio de funcionamento do FAP bifásico e é tratada sua modelagem matemática. É feita uma revisão dos conceitos de potências instantâneas p e q em sistemas monofásicos, a chamada teoria p–q monofásica. É mostrada ainda a interpretação dessas grandezas e sua relação com as potências ativa e reativa convencionais. Em seguida, são feitas adaptações na implementação dessa teoria. A principal adaptação está na forma de implementar as transformações αβ monofásicas. Com essas adaptações, a teoria p–q modificada é utilizada para descrever o algoritmo de controle desenvolvido para o FAP bifásico. A estratégia de compensação adotada consiste na compensação de todas as componentes harmônicas de corrente, da potência reativa e na equalização das correntes nas fases envolvidas. São apresentados resultados obtidos em estudos de simulação da operação do FAP bifásico em regime permanente e sob transitórios das cargas. O trabalho mostra ainda alguns resultados experimentais do FAP em operação. Conclui-se que os resultados obtidos validam o princípio de operação do FAP bifásico e a estratégia de controle proposta. / This thesis presents an strategy to control a two–phase, three-wire shunt active power filter (APF). This APF can be implemented as an extra functionality of the embedded voltage source converter in the propulsion system of an electric vehicle (EV). This application would be useful in the compensation of residential and commercial electrical installations fed by a two–phase three–wire grid connection. The working principle of shunt two-phase APF is presented and its mathematical models are also treated. Concepts of the instantaneous powers p and q, called single-phase p–q theory, are reviewed. The relationship between these quantities and the conventional active and reactive powers is discussed. Then, some adaptations are done in the implementation of such theory. The main one is related to the implementation method of singlephase αβ transformations. After these adaptations, the modified p–q theory is used to described the developed algorithm to control the two–phase APF. The adopted control strategy consists of compensating all current harmonics and reactive power, as well as equalizing currents in involved phases. Simulation results are presented to show the APF operation in steady-state and under load changes. Yet, some experimental results are presented to show the APF in operation. The obtained results validate the presented working principle and the control strategy proposed in this thesis.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] Esta tesis está dedicada al desarrollo de conceptos de control predictivo basados en modelos para la compensación de armónicos en sistemas de potencia con fuentes de energía renovables. En concreto, estos conceptos proporcionan una corriente de compensación de referencia para un filtro activo de potencia conectado en el punto de acoplamiento común, mejorando así la calidad de potencia del sistema. No obstante, los resultados podrían aplicarse en general a problemas de control en los que el objetivo sea seguir la forma de una determinada señal. La tesis propone dos métodos principales de control basados en la teoría de control predictivo de modelos (MPC). El primer controlador, es decir, el control predictivo de modelos con conformación de señal de estado lineal (LS3MPC), se basa en la teoría MPC cuadrática estándar. Sin embargo, contrariamente a la práctica habitual de control de referencia fija, el LS3MPC incorpora la dinámica deseada del sistema directamente en su función de coste, utilizando los denominados residuos de clase de forma lineal. Este enfoque permite que la función de costes del LS3MPC sea más adaptable y ofrezca más compensaciones dinámicas, especialmente cuando está sometida a restricciones. Al utilizar los residuos de clase de forma, el problema MPC garantiza que la planta controlada siga la dinámica dada por la clase de forma. En este caso, la dinámica deseada está determinada por la clase de forma armónica lineal propuesta, es decir, la dinámica de una señal armónica fundamental de frecuencia fija. Desde el punto de vista de la implementación, se propone una formulación MPC explícita para el LS3MPC con el fin de mejorar su aplicabilidad en tiempo real. El LS3MPC explícito propuesto utiliza un enfoque de malla equidistante en formato tensorial para aproximar la solución MPC explícita con afinidad por partes. Usando la descomposición tensorial, el LS3MPC explícito puede romper la maldición de la dimensionalidad, reduciendo significativamente la carga de memoria y trivializando el problema en tiempo real de localización de puntos. El segundo controlador, es decir, el control predictivo de modelo de ciclo límite (LCMPC), se centra en resolver las deficiencias del LS3MPC. En concreto, el LCMPC aborda la falta de control directo de la amplitud recurriendo a la teoría MPC no lineal. El LCMPC introduce una clase de forma armónica no lineal basada en una forma normal de bifurcación supercrítica de Neimark-Sacker. Al igual que el LS3MPC, el LCMPC también incorpora el residual de su clase de forma armónica no lineal directamente en su función de coste, proporcionando las mismas ventajas mencionadas anteriormente. En cuanto a la estabilidad del sistema, se desarrollan condiciones suficientes, para un estado inicial predeterminado, que garanticen que el sistema de bucle cerrado permanece dentro de la región de atracción de la forma normal ante una perturbación suficientemente pequeña. Ambos controladores se someten a pruebas con estudios de simulación en múltiples escenarios, proporcionando resultados de compensación consistentemente satisfactorios. / [CA] Aquesta tesi està dedicada al desenvolupament de conceptes de control predictiu basats en models per a la compensació d'harmònics en sistemes de potència amb fonts d'energia renovables. En concret, aquests conceptes proporcionen un corrent de compensació de referència per a un filtre actiu de potència connectat en el punt d'acoblament comú, millorant així la qualitat de potència del sistema. No obstant això, els resultats podrien aplicar-se en general a problemes de control en els quals l'objectiu siga seguir la forma d'un determinat senyal. La tesi proposa dos mètodes principals de control basats en la teoria de control predictiu de models (MPC). El primer controlador, és a dir, el control predictiu de models amb conformació de senyal d'estat lineal (LS3MPC), es basa en la teoria MPC quadràtica estàndard. No obstant això, contràriament a la pràctica habitual de control de referència fixa, el LS3MPC incorpora la dinàmica desitjada del sistema directament en la seua funció de cost, utilitzant els denominats residus de classe de manera lineal. Aquest enfocament permet que la funció de costos del LS3MPC siga més adaptable i oferisca més compensacions dinàmiques, especialment quan està sotmesa a restriccions. En utilitzar els residus de classe de forma, el problema MPC garanteix que la planta controlada seguisca la dinàmica donada per la classe de forma. En aquest cas, la dinàmica desitjada està determinada per la classe de manera harmònica lineal proposta, és a dir, la dinàmica d'un senyal harmònic fonamental de freqüència fixa. Des del punt de vista de la implementació, es proposa una formulació MPC explícita per al LS3MPC amb la finalitat de millorar la seua aplicabilitat en temps real. El LS3MPC explícit proposat utilitza un enfocament de malla equidistant en format tensorial per a aproximar la solució MPC explícita amb afinitat per parts. Usant la descomposició tensorial, el LS3MPC explícit pot trencar la maledicció de la dimensionalitat, reduint significativament la càrrega de memòria i trivialitzant el problema en temps real de localització de punts. El segon controlador, és a dir, el control predictiu de model de cicle límit (LCMPC), se centra en resoldre les deficiències del LS3MPC. En concret, el LCMPC aborda la falta de control directe de l'amplitud recorrent a la teoria MPC no lineal. El LCMPC introdueix una classe de manera harmònica no lineal basada en una forma normal de bifurcació supercrítica de Neimark-Sacker. Igual que el LS3MPC, el LCMPC també incorpora el residual de la seua classe de manera harmònica no lineal directament en la seua funció de cost, proporcionant els mateixos avantatges esmentats anteriorment. Quant a l'estabilitat del sistema, es desenvolupen condicions suficients, per a un estat inicial predeterminat, que garantisquen que el sistema de bucle tancat roman dins de la regió d'atracció de la forma normal davant una pertorbació prou xicoteta. Tots dos controladors se sotmeten a proves amb estudis de simulació en múltiples escenaris, proporcionant resultats de compensació consistentment satisfactoris. / [EN] This thesis is dedicated to developing model-based predictive control concepts for harmonic compensation in power systems with renewable energy sources. Specifically, these concepts provide a reference compensation current for an active power filter connected at the point of common coupling, thereby enhancing the system's power quality. Nevertheless, results could be generically applied to control problems where the task is to follow a certain shape of a signal. The thesis proposes two main control approaches based on model predicitve control (MPC) theory. The first controller, i.e., the linear state signal shaping model predictive control (LS3MPC), relies on standard quadratic MPC theory. However, contrary to standard fixed reference control practice, the LS3MPC embeds the desired system dynamics directly into its cost function, using the so-called linear shape class residuals. This approach allows the LS3MPC' cost function to be more adaptive, providing more dynamic trade-offs, especially when constrained. By using shape class residuals, the MPC problem ensures that the controlled plant follows the desired dynamics given by the shape class. In this case, the target dynamics are given by the proposed linear harmonic shape class, i.e, the dynamics of a fundamental harmonic signal of fixed frequency. From an application perspective, an explicit MPC formulation for the LS3MPC is proposed to enhance its real-time applicability. The proposed explicit LS3MPC uses an equidistant mesh grid approach in tensor format to approximate the piecewise affine explicit MPC solution. Using tensor decomposition, the explicitLS3MPC can break the curse of dimensionality, significantly reducing memory burden and trivializing the online point localization problem. The second controller, i.e., the limit cycle model predictive control (LCMPC), focuses on addressing the shortcomings of the LS3MPC. Namely, the LCMPC addresses the lack of direct amplitude control by reaching into nonlinear MPC theory. The LCMPC introduces a nonlinear harmonic shape class based on a supercritical Neimark-Sacker bifurcation normal form. Similarly to theLS3MPC, the LCMPC also embeds its nonlinear harmonic shape class residual directly in its cost function, providing the same benefits mentioned before. Regarding system stability, sufficient conditions are developed for a given initial state to ensure that the closed-loop system remains inside the normal form region of attraction for a sufficiently small disturbance. Both controllers are tested with simulation studies in multiple scenarios, providing consistently satisfactory compensation results. / The contributions on this doctoral thesis were partly developed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology ISIT within the project North German Energy Transition 4.0 (ger- man: Norddeutsche EnergieWende, NEW 4.0), which is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (german: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie, BMWi. This work was also partly funded with the project Northern German Living Lab (german: Norddeutsches Reallabor, NRL) by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, by Generalitat Valenciana regional government through project CIAICO/2021/064, and by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Hamburg City Parliament publication 20/11568). / Cateriano Yáñez, C. (2024). State Shaping Model Predictive Control for Harmonic Compensation [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/209406 / Compendio