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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Design of an adaptive dynamic vibration absorber

Ting-Kong, Christopher January 1999 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of a Dynamic Vibration Absorber to control vibration in a beam. Traditional means of vibration control have involved the use of passive and more recently, active methods. This study is different in that it involves an adaptive component in the design of vibration absorber using two novel designs for the adaptive mechanism. The first design incorporates the use of an enclosed air volume to provide the variable stiffness component in the absorber. By adjusting the volume of compressible air within the absorber, the stiffness characteristics of the absorber can be altered, enabling the device to adapt to changing vibration frequencies. Work here includes a theoretical investigation of the device. Following this, two prototypes are constructed and tested, the second of which is the refined model used for further testing. The second design incorporates the use of two concentrated masses cantilevered from two rods. The adaptive solution is achieved by moving the two masses along the length of the rod, producing a changing natural frequency for the absorber device. An analytical model of this device is developed as well as a finite element model. Results from both are compared to those obtained experimentally. Finally, a tuning algorithm is derived for the second absorber, and a control system constructed to make the dynamic vibration absorber "adaptive". Experiments are undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the absorber on the beam subject to changing excitation frequencies. The outcome of this research is that an Adaptive Vibration Absorber has been constructed with a computer interface such that the device can be used "on line". / Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.)--Mechanical Engineering, 1999.
2

Feedback Control of Multi-Story Structures under Seismic Excitations

Dai, Yang 17 April 2002 (has links)
This dissertation studies the feedback control of the dynamic response of multi-story structures to seismic excitations. The seismic excitations are represented by arbitrary unknown stochastic disturbances. The research consists of modeling of the structure with a control system and a control design in the state space. A combination of the extended Hamilton's principle and the Hierarchical Finite Element Method (HFEM) was used to derive the discrete differential equations of motion. This method exhibits superior accuracy with fewer degrees of freedom (DOF). The discrete equation were realized in the state space, where the Multiple Channel Control (MCC) model, the Single Channel Control (SCC) model and the Special Single Channel Control (SSCC) model were proposed. The MCC model is a general multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) dynamic system; the SSCC model is a single input/multiple output (SIMO) dynamic system; which requires only one actuator acting on the base; the SCC model has duality. On one hand, the system can be classified as MIMO when control actuators are regarded as the input. On the other hand, it can be regarded as a SIMO system when control signal as the input. Moreover, three different types of control methodologies, the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control, the Disturbance Accommodating Control (DAC), and the hybrid LQG/DAC approaches, were successfully developed to actively mitigate the vibration of the multi-story structures subjected to the seismic disturbance. In addition, the Kalman filter was used as an optimal observer to estimate the state of the system in the LQG and the LQG/DAC design. Finally a numerical simulation of a four-story structure was carried out under nine cases. The cases covered various combinations of the three models and the three control designs to verify the effectiveness of control technique developed in this study. The simulation results found were quite encouraging. The results show each combination has its preponderance corresponding to special priority. In general, the hybrid LQG/DAC control in conjunction with the SSCC model is the best choice. / Ph. D.
3

Active control of automobile cabin noise with conventional and advanced speakers

Couche, Jerome Christophe 28 April 1999 (has links)
Recently much research has focused on the control of enclosed sound fields, particularly in automobiles. Both Active Noise Control (ANC) and Active Structural Acoustic Control (ASAC) techniques are being applied to problems stemming from power train noise and road noise (noise due to the interaction of the tires with the surface of the road). Due to the low frequency characteristics of these noise problems, large acoustic sources are required to obtain efficient control of the sound field. This creates demand in the automobile industry for compact lightweight sources. This work is concerned with the application of active control to power train noise, as well as road noise in the interior cabin of a sport utility vehicle using advanced, compact lightweight piezoelectric acoustic sources. First, a test structure approximately the same size as the automobile was built to study the principles of active noise control in a cavity. A finite element model of the cavity was created in order to optimize the positions of the error sensors and the control sources. Experimental work was performed with the optimized actuator and sensor locations in order to validate the model, and draw conclusions regarding the conditions to obtain global control of the sound field. Second, a broad-band feedforward filtered-X LMS algorithm was used to control power train noise. Preliminary power train noise tests were conducted using arrangements of four microphones and up to four commercially available speakers for control. Attenuation of seven decibel (dB) at the error sensors was measured in the 40-500 Hz frequency band. The dimensions of the zone of quiet generated by the control were measured, and show that noise reductions were obtained for a large volume surrounding the error sensors. Next, advanced speakers were implemented for active control of power train noise. The results obtained with different arrangements of these speakers were very similar to those obtained with the commercially-available speakers. These advanced speakers use piezoelectric devices to induce the displacement of a speaker membrane, which radiates sound. Their lighter weight and compact dimensions are a significant advantage over conventional speakers, for their application in automobile. Third, preliminary results were obtained for active control of road noise. The controller used an optimized set of four reference signals to control the noise at one error sensor using one control source. Two sets of tests were conducted. The first set of tests was performed on a dynamometer, which simulates the effects of the road on the tires. The second set of tests was performed on a rough road. Reduction of two to four decibel of the sound pressure level at the error sensor was obtained between 100 and 200 Hz. / Master of Science
4

Active and Semi-Active Control of Civil Structures under Seismic Excitation

Matheu, Enrique E. 06 May 1997 (has links)
The main focus of this study is on the active and semi-active control of civil engineering structures subjected to seismic excitations. Among different candidate control strategies, the sliding mode control approach emerges as a convenient alternative, because of its superb robustness under parametric and input uncertainties. The analytical developments and numerical results presented in this dissertation are directed to investigate the feasibility of application of the sliding mode control approach to civil structures. In the first part of this study, a unified treatment of active and semi-active sliding mode controllers for civil structures is presented. A systematic procedure, based on a special state transformation, is also presented to obtain the regular form of the state equations which facilitates the design of the control system. The conditions under which this can be achieved in the general case of control redundancy are also defined. The importance of the regular form resides in the fact that it allows to separate the design process in two basic steps: (a) selection of a target sliding surface and (b) determination of the corresponding control actions. Several controllers are proposed and extensive numerical results are presented to investigate the performance of both active and semi-active schemes, examining in particular the feasibility of application to real size civil structures. These numerical studies show that the selection of the sliding surface constitutes a crucial step in the implementation of an efficient control design. To improve this design process, a generalized sliding surface definition is used which is based on the incorporation of two auxiliary dynamical systems. Numerical simulations show that this definition renders a controller design which is more flexible, facilitating its tuning to meet different performance specifications. This study also considers the situation in which not all the state information is available for control purposes. In practical situations, only a subset of the physical variables, such as displacements and velocities, can be directly measured. A general approach is formulated to eliminate the explicit effect of the unmeasured states on the design of the sliding surface and the associated controller. This approach, based on a modified regular form transformation, permits the utilization of arbitrary combinations of measured and unmeasured states. The resulting sliding surface design problem is discussed within the framework of the classical optimal output feedback theory, and an efficient algorithm is proposed to solve the corresponding matrix nonlinear equations. A continuous active controller is proposed based only on bounding values of the unmeasured states and the input ground motion. Both active and semi-active schemes are evaluated by numerical simulations, which show the applicability and performance of the proposed approach. / Ph. D.
5

Simplifying of mathematical models for aircraft dynamics and a study of gust load alleviation

Al-Tayawe, Osama January 1993 (has links)
No description available.
6

Active control of vibration and analysis of dynamic properties concerning machine tools

Åkesson, Henrik January 2007 (has links)
Vibration in internal turning is a problem in the manufacturing industry. Vibrations appear under the excitation applied by the material deformation process during the machining of a workpiece. In order for a lathe to perform an internal turning or boring operation, for example, in a pre-drilled hole in a workpiece, it is generally required that the boring bar should be long and slender; therefore extra sensitive to vibrations. These vibrations will affect the result of machining, in particular the surface finish, also the tool life may be reduced. As a result of tool vibration, severe acoustic noise frequently occurs in the working environment. This thesis comprises three parts and the first part presents a method for active control of boring bar vibration. This method consists of an active boring bar controlled by, for example, an analog controller. The focus lies on the analog controller and the advantages that may be obtained from working in the analog domain. The controller is a lead-lag compensator with digitally controlled parameters, such as gain and phase. However, signals remain in the analog domain. In addition, the analog controller is compared with a digital adaptive controller and it is found that both controllers yield an attenuation of the vibration by up to 50 dB. The second part of this thesis concerns the dynamic properties of a clamped boring bar used by the industry. In order to design a robust controller for a certain system, knowledge about the system's dynamic properties is required. On the workshop floor, a boring bar is dismounted and remounted, and reconfiguration of boring bars will alter the dynamic properties of the clamped boring bar. The dynamic properties of a standard boring bar and an active boring bar for a number of possible clamping conditions, as well as for a linearized clamping have been investigated based on an experimental approach. Also simple Euler-Bernoulli modeling of clamped boring bars incorporating simple non-rigid models of the boring bar clamping are investigated. Initial simulations of nonlinear SDOF systems have been carried out: one with a signed squared stiffness and one with a cubic stiffness. The purpose of these simulations was to identify a nonlinearity that introduces a similar behavior in the SDOF system dynamics as the nonlinear behavior observed in the dynamic properties of a clamped boring bar. The third and final part of this thesis focuses on vibration analysis methods in engineering education. A signal analyzer (which is a commonly used instrument in signal processing and vibration analysis) was made accessible via the Internet. Assignments were developed for students to learn and practice vibration analysis on real signals from a real setup of a relevant structure; a clamped boring bar. Whilst the experimental setup was fixed, the instrument and sensor configuration nonetheless enable a variety of experiment, for example: excitation signal analysis, spectrum analysis and experimental modal analysis.
7

Adaptive control of tuned vibration neutralisers

Long, Tammy January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
8

Active control of fluid-borne noise

Wang, Lin January 2008 (has links)
Fluid-borne noise is one of the main components of hydraulic noise. Its attenuation may have a significant effect on the cost of hydraulic systems. Standard passive silencers and dampers can be useful in reducing it in certain frequency ranges; however, these tend to be heavy, bulky and expensive. Active control algorithms, which are a comparatively recent means of reducing fluid-borne noise, can be applied to overcome this compromise. The work presented in this thesis is the development of some active control algorithms utilized in a simple hydraulic system to cancel a number of harmonic orders of fluid-borne noise generated by a servo valve or a real pump. To realize cancellation the filtered reference least mean square (FXLMS) adaptive control method is mainly presented. Furthermore, a fast response servo valve is applied as an actuator to generate a proper anti-noise flow signal in real-time. For simplicity, an off-line identification method for the secondary path is applied in the time invariant working condition. Moreover, ripple reflection from both ends of the hydraulic circuit can produce different effects under different working conditions. In order to execute the cancellation without any prior information about the dynamics of hydraulic systems, the on-line secondary path identification method is discussed. However, in this algorithm an auxiliary white-noise signal applied to an on-line method may contribute to residual noise and an extra computation burden may be added to the whole control system. The performance of these control algorithms is firstly investigated via simulation in a hydraulic pipe model and the real-time application on a test rig using a servo valve as a noise source. Finally, these schemes are realized in a simple hydraulic system with a real pump noise source. The fluid-borne noise can be attenuated by about 20 dB in normal working conditions.
9

Advanced Time Domain Sensing For Active Structural Acoustic Control

Maillard, Julien 27 February 1997 (has links)
Active control of sound radiation from vibrating structures has been an area of much research in the past decade. In Active Structural Acoustic Control (ASAC), the minimization of sound radiation is achieved by modifying the response of the structure through structural inputs rather than by exciting the acoustic medium (Active Noise Control, ANC). The ASAC technique often produces global far-field sound attenuation with relatively few actuators as compared to ANC. The structural control inputs of ASAC systems are usually constructed adaptively in the time domain based on a number of error signals to be minimized. One of the primary concerns in active control of sound is then to provide the controller with appropriate ``error'' information. Early investigations have implemented far-field microphones, thereby providing the controller with actual radiated pressure information. Most structure-borne sound control approaches now tend to eliminate the use of microphones by developing sensors that are integrated in the structure. This study presents a new sensing technique implementing such an approach. A structural acoustic sensor is developed for estimating radiation information from vibrating structures. This technique referred to as Discrete Structural Acoustic Sensing (DSAS) provides time domain estimates of the radiated sound pressure at prescribed locations in the far field over a broad frequency range. The structural acoustic sensor consists of a set of accelerometers mounted on the radiating structure and arrays of digital filters that process the measured acceleration signals in real time. The impulse response of each filter is constructed from the appropriate radiation Green's function for the source area associated with each accelerometer. Validation of the sensing technique is performed on two different systems: a baffled rectangular plate and a baffled finite cylinder. For both systems, the sensor is first analyzed in terms of prediction accuracy by comparing estimated and actual sound pressure radiated in the far field. The analysis is carried out on a numerical model of the plate and cylinder as well as on the real structures through experimental testing. The sensor is then implemented in a broadband radiation control system. The plate and cylinder are excited by broadband disturbance inputs over a frequency range encompassing several of the first flexural resonances of the structure. Single-sided piezo-electric actuators provide the structural control inputs while the sensor estimates are used as error signals. The controller is based on the filtered-x version of the adaptive LMS algorithm. Results from both analytical and experimental investigations are again presented for the two systems. Additional control results based on error microphones allow a comparison of the two sensing approaches in terms of control performance. The major outcome of this study is the ability of the structural acoustic sensor to effectively replace error microphones in broadband radiation control systems. In particular, both analytical and experimental results show the level of sound attenuation achieved when implementing Discrete Structural Acoustic Sensing rivaled that achieved with far-field error microphones. Finally, the approach presents a significant alternative over other existing structural sensing techniques as it requires very little system modeling. / Ph. D.
10

Dynamic analysis and active control of two cable-stayed bridge

Giannopoulos, Fanis 22 June 2010 (has links)
The feasibility of applying active control theory to control both the transient and steady state response of a two cable-stayed bridge has been investigated. The bridge has been modeled as a two degree freedom system in bending and torsion, excited by both buffeting and self-excited loads. The existing suspension cables have been used as active tendons by which the control forces are applied to the bridge deck at the points of the anchorage. The control force from each suspension cable is actuated through a hydraulic-servomechanism which is regulated by the sensed motion of the bridge deck at the anchorage of the cable. Stability and steady state response analyses have been presented for both controlled and uncontrolled motion. The power requirement for the control devices has been derived. Finally, numerical examples have been worked out to demonstrate the feasibility of the derived theory for two cable-stayed bridges. / Ph. D.

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