Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:02:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5697.pdf: 5302047 bytes, checksum: ab6de891127d64381daaed03a6ca909d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / Mathematics, from the beginning of the schooling process, has occupied important position in the basic training of the citizen, as is present in different activities of our daily life and it is required in almost all selection processes, being so much educational or vocational. Over the past decades, the teaching of Geometry has been neglected in school curricula. An example is the observation that the Geometry is usually work object of the teacher in the classroom only in the last quarter of the year, so when it does not claim lack of time to present it to students, relegating it to oblivion. In addition, many students say that school Mathematics is too theoretical, it has no application in their everyday lives and, consequently, lose interest in studying it and learn it. The research reported here aimed to investigate a strategy didactic and methodological basis for the teaching-learning part of Euclidean Geometry students of 2nd year of high school, a public school in a city in the state of São Paulo. Specifically, the main objective of this research was the development of educational material that exploits mainly the geometric concepts of area, perimeter and scales present in the planning and definition of plant and model of a house from the informal knowledge of the non-professional area, such as masons, carpenters and workmen. Through a sequence of learning activities, originating from problems of construction, sought to integrate motivational elements and creative development of geometrical concepts related to construction the historical elements in the process of teaching and learning. For this was also used in this research plant construction models in the search for ease of viewing and understanding of geometrical concepts studied by students. / A Matemática, desde o início do processo de escolarização, tem ocupado posição de relevância na formação básica do cidadão, pois se encontra presente em diferentes atividades de nosso cotidiano e é exigida em praticamente todos os processos seletivos, sejam esses de cunho educacional ou profissional. Ao longo das últimas décadas, o ensino da Geometria vem sendo negligenciado nos programas escolares. Exemplo disso é a observação que usualmente a Geometria é objeto de trabalho do professor em sala de aula somente no último trimestre do ano, isso quando este não alega falta de tempo para apresentá-la aos alunos, relegando-a ao esquecimento. Além disso, muitos alunos afirmam que a Matemática escolar é demasiadamente teórica, que não tem aplicação em suas vidas quotidianas e que, consequentemente, perdem o interesse em estudá-la e aprendê-la. A pesquisa aqui relatada teve como objetivo a investigação de uma estratégia didático-metodológica para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de parte da Geometria euclidiana aos alunos da 2ª série do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo. Especificamente, o objetivo principal dessa pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento de material didático que explorasse, principalmente, os conceitos geométricos de área, perímetro e escalas presentes no planejamento e na definição de planta e maquete de uma casa a partir dos conhecimentos informais de profissionais não especializados da área, como pedreiros, mestres de obra e carpinteiros. Através de uma sequência de atividades didáticas, com origem em problemas da construção civil, busquei integrar elementos motivadores e criativos do desenvolvimento de conceitos geométricos relacionados à construção civil a elementos históricos durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para isto foi também utilizada durante esta investigação a construção de plantas e maquetes na busca de facilitar a visualização e a compreensão dos conceitos geométricos estudados pelos alunos.

4 ABSTRACT The aim of the diploma thesis is a professional analysis of characters from the book The Book of Ferda the Ant by Ondřej Sekora. The second goal is to create worksheets and activity proposals, usable in science lessons. Methodological manuals are also included. KEYWORDS insects (Insecta), communication types, Ondřej Sekora, worksheets for teaching entomology, activities for teaching entomology, key competencies, methods of active teaching

(in English): This thesis deals with the issues of teaching listening in Czech as a foreign language. It is based on studying theoretic sources, structured observing and the comparison of didactic materials, on questionnaires and informal interviews. In its theoretical part, it brings a brief overview of present knowledge in this field, using predominantly foreign sources that deal with teaching English as a foreign language. The second part enables the comparison of various didactic materials from the points of view acquired in the previous chapter, and it also provides an overview of the typology of listening tasks, including their evaluation. The last chapter designs some new sample materials based on what has been found out about their imperfections in this field so far, and it also mentions some suitable resources for designing the new listening tasks. The merit of this thesis on the theoretical level consists of making the main results of contemporary Anglo-American science accessible for the Czech auditory, on the practical level it lies in presenting an overall list of listening tasks and showing (in the Czech materials) some so far unknown possibilities of teaching the listening comprehension, these alternatives being accompanied with practical examples.