Analysis of ISIS's Insurgency through the theory of Revolutionary Warfare, by Amerigo Piunti. Ever since the collapse of the brutal Ba'athist regime of Saddam Hussein, the Sunnis of Iraq were struggling as a minority in a nation governed by Shia. The government of Baghdad was constantly ignoring Sunni's grievances, and for many experts, this aspect was a driving point that led to the establishment of the IS Caliphate. Contrary to popular belief, the so-called Islamic State appeared only for the first time in October 2006. Abū Musʿab al-Zarqāwī was the founder and first tenacious leader of the special detachment called "Al-Qaeda in Iraq." This group later on mutated itself into the notorious Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, and it obtained support from international sympathizers and local citizens. The terror group successfully recruited local tribes, experienced fighters and leaders, previous members of the Baathist regime, and it even cooperated with other Jihadists groups. The terror group itself also heavily relied on the spread of Jihadist-Salafist propaganda and eventually created an urgent need for a drastic change in society. The group then expanded its insurgency activities towards Syria, and after only eight years of fighting, it successfully covered each of the necessary stages to...

Au Burkina Faso la promotion des TIC donne lieu à une production de discours d'accompagnement de la part de divers acteurs issus d'associations, de structures étatiques, du secteur privé et d'institutions de coopération internationale. Ces discours sont à caractère promotionnel, normatif, prescriptif. Ces discours sont motivés par des enjeux, parfois divergents, qui conduisent à la mise en place de stratégies d'acteurs pour tirer le meilleur profit de cette promotion. Les discours promotionnels des TIC au Burkina soutiennent l'idée selon laquelle ces dispositifs contribueraient à l'amélioration des conditions de vie des Burkinabé. Ce travail confronte d'une part les discours notamment ceux de nature prescriptive et les actions menées par les promoteurs et d'autre part les usages réels des Burkinabé. Il est question ici de faire ressortir les écarts entre usages promus et usages réels ; pour montrer que ce qui détermine les « usages TIC » des Burkinabé, qu'il s'agisse d'usages allant dans le sens de l'amélioration de leurs conditions de vie ou non, relève plus de l'appréhension du potentiel apport de ces dispositifs pour leurs activités (privées ou professionnelles) que des discours d'accompagnement. Les différents promoteurs des TIC au Burkina en sont aussi utilisateurs. Ce travail analyse les usages de certains promoteurs et ceux de populations rencontrées. Les incidences socioculturelles des pratiques TIC des Burkinabé sont aussi analysées ici. / In Burkina Faso, the diverse ICTs' actors: state, associations, private sector and international cooperation institutions, produce an accompanying discourses. These discourses are about promotion, norms and prescriptions of uses. They are motivated by diverse issues, leadind into the conception of actors strategies to take full advantages of this promotion. The promotional discourses of the ICTs in the Burkina, is supporting the idea that these devices would contribute to the improvement of the living conditions of Burkinabe. This work confronts the real uses of Burkinabe with the actions of the promoters and the discourses in particular those of a prescriptive nature. The discussion here is to highlight the difference between promoted and real uses; to show what determines the " ICTs uses " of Burkinabe. It is about uses up in the direction of improving their living conditions or not, by understanding the potential contribution of these devices on their activities (private or professional), and not by an accompanying discourses. The various promoters of the ICTs in the Burkina are also users of these devices This work analyzes the uses of certain promoters and those of populations encountered. The sociocultural incidences of ICTs practices of the inhabitants Burkinabe are also analyzed here.